img = Image.open('C:\yingxiang\DJI_20230322140516_0026_V.JPG') # 获取 EXIF 数据 exif_data = img._getexif() # 获取方位元素信息 orientation = exif_data.get(274) # 方向信息标签为274 if orientation == 1: # 没有方向信息 pass elif orientation == 2: img = img.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT) elif orientation == 3: img = img.rotate(180) elif orientation == 4: img = img.rotate(180).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT) elif orientation == 5: img = img.rotate(-90).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT) elif orientation == 6: img = img.rotate(-90) elif orientation == 7: img = img.rotate(90).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT) elif orientation == 8: img = img.rotate(90) # 获取航向角、俯仰角和滚转角 roll = exif_data.get(204) / 100.0 # 滚转角标签为204，单位为1/100度 pitch = exif_data.get(206) / 100.0 # 俯仰角标签为206，单位为1/100度 yaw = exif_data.get(208) / 100.0 # 航向角标签为208，单位为1/100度 print(roll,pitch,yaw)这段代码怎么改可以确保变量不为空，再进行除法运算

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def extract_building_shadow(image, dsm, ground_spacing, radius): shadow_mask = np.zeros_like(image, dtype=np.bool) for i in range(0, image.shape[0], ground_spacing): for j in range(0, image.shape[1], ground_spacing): if not np.any(shadow_mask[i, j]): center = (i, j) ground_height = dsm[i, j] for x, y in spiral_search(center, radius, ground_spacing): if x < 0 or x >= image.shape[0] or y < 0 or y >= image.shape[1]: continue if np.any(shadow_mask[x, y:]): continue height = dsm[x, y] if height > ground_height: shadow_mask[x, y] = True elif height == ground_height: if np.linalg.norm(np.array([x, y]) - np.array(center)) < \ np.linalg.norm(np.array([i, j]) - np.array(center)): shadow_mask[x, y] = True cv2.imwrite(output_path, shadow_mask.astype(np.uint8) * 255) return shadow_mask image = cv2.imread('C:\yingxiang\DJI_20230322140516_0026_V.JPG') dsm_path = 'C:/sanwei/jianmo/Productions/Production_2/Production_2_DSM_part_2_2.tif' dsm_dataset = gdal.Open(dsm_path) output_path = 'C:\yingxiang\mask.png'这段代码为什么运行后不能将掩膜结果保存

image = cv2.imread('C:\yingxiang\DJI_20230322140516_0026_V.JPG') dsm_path = 'C:/sanwei/jianmo/Productions/Production_2/Production_2_DSM_part_2_2.tif' dsm_dataset = gdal.Open(dsm_path) # 调用函数 ...

def extract_building_shadow(image, dsm, ground_spacing, radius): shadow_mask = np.zeros_like(image, dtype=np.bool) for i in range(0, image.shape[0], ground_spacing): for j in range(0, image.shape[1], ground_spacing): if not np.any(shadow_mask[i, j]): center = (i, j) ground_height = dsm[i, j] for x, y in spiral_search(center, radius, ground_spacing): if x < 0 or x >= image.shape[0] or y < 0 or y >= image.shape[1]: continue if np.any(shadow_mask[x, y:]): continue height = dsm[x, y] if height > ground_height: shadow_mask[x, y] = True elif height == ground_height: if np.linalg.norm(np.array([x, y]) - np.array(center)) < \ np.linalg.norm(np.array([i, j]) - np.array(center)): shadow_mask[x, y] = True return shadow_mask image_path = 'C:\yingxiang\DJI_20230322140516_0026_V.JPG' image_dataset = gdal.Open(image_path) dsm_path = 'C:/sanwei/jianmo/Productions/Production_2/Production_2_DSM_part_2_2.tif' dsm_dataset = gdal.Open(dsm_path) # 读取数据 image = image_dataset.ReadAsArray() dsm = dsm_dataset.ReadAsArray() # 获取地面分辨率 ground_spacing = dsm_dataset.GetGeoTransform()[1] # 关闭数据集 image_dataset = None dsm_dataset = None # 调用函数 shadow_mask = extract_building_shadow(image, dsm, 5, 10) # 打印结果 print(shadow_mask) # 将掩膜叠加在数字表面模型上 masked_dsm = np.copy(dsm) masked_dsm[shadow_mask] = np.nan # 将遮蔽区域的高程值设为nan plt.imshow(masked_dsm, cmap='terrain') plt.show()这段代码怎么改可以让索引是两个的

如果您是想要让 extract_building_shadow 函数的输入参数变为元组 (image, dsm)，那么只需要将函数的第一行修改为 def extract_building_shadow(data, ground_spacing, radius):，然后在函数内部将 image 和...

def extract_building_shadow(image, dsm, ground_spacing, radius): shadow_mask = np.zeros_like(image, dtype=np.bool) for i in range(0, image.shape[0], ground_spacing): for j in range(0, image.shape[1], ground_spacing): if not np.any(shadow_mask[i, j]): center = (i, j) ground_height = dsm[i, j] for x, y in spiral_search(center, radius, ground_spacing): if x < 0 or x >= image.shape[0] or y < 0 or y >= image.shape[1]: continue if np.any(shadow_mask[x, y:]): continue height = dsm[x, y] if height > ground_height: shadow_mask[x, y] = True elif height == ground_height: if np.linalg.norm(np.array([x, y]) - np.array(center)) < \ np.linalg.norm(np.array([i, j]) - np.array(center)): shadow_mask[x, y] = True return shadow_mask image = cv2.imread('C:\yingxiang\DJI_20230322140516_0026_V.JPG') dsm_path = 'C:/sanwei/jianmo/Productions/Production_2/Production_2_DSM_part_2_2.tif' dsm_dataset = gdal.Open(dsm_path) output_path = 'C:\yingxiang\shadow_mask.png'这段代码怎么改可以将掩膜结果保存

您可以在函数返回结果时添加以下代码将掩膜结果保存为 PNG 文件： cv2.imwrite(output_path, shadow_mask.astype(np.uint8) * 255) 这将把 shadow_mask 数组中的布尔值转换为 0 和 1 的整数，并将其乘以...

def extract_building_shadow(image, dsm, ground_spacing, radius): shadow_mask = np.zeros_like(image, dtype=np.bool) for i in range(0, image.shape[0], ground_spacing): for j in range(0, image.shape[1], ground_spacing): if not np.any(shadow_mask[i, j]): center = (i, j) ground_height = dsm[i, j] for x, y in spiral_search(center, radius, ground_spacing): if x < 0 or x >= image.shape[0] or y < 0 or y >= image.shape[1]: continue if np.any(shadow_mask[x, y:]): continue height = dsm[x, y] if height > ground_height: shadow_mask[x, y] = True elif height == ground_height: if np.linalg.norm(np.array([x, y]) - np.array(center)) < \ np.linalg.norm(np.array([i, j]) - np.array(center)): shadow_mask[x, y] = True return shadow_mask image = cv2.imread('C:\yingxiang\DJI_20230322140516_0026_V.JPG') image = cv2.resize(image, (0, 0), fx=0.1, fy=0.1) dsm_path = 'C:/sanwei/jianmo/Productions/Production_2/Production_2_DSM_part_2_2.tif' dsm_dataset = gdal.Open(dsm_path)在这段代码中如何保存掩膜结果

result = np.zeros_like(image) result[shadow_mask] = 255 cv2.imwrite("shadow_mask.png", result) 通过上述代码，将掩膜结果保存为一个图像文件 shadow_mask.png，其中阴影部分的像素值为 255，其余部分为...

import cv2 import numpy as np chessboard_size = (9,6) # 棋盘格行列数 objp = np.zeros((np.prod(chessboard_size), 3), np.float32) # 内部点的坐标 objp[:, :2] = np.mgrid[0:chessboard_size[0], 0:chessboard_size[1]].T.reshape(-1, 2) img = cv2.imread('C:/yingxiang/biaoding.png') gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) ret, corners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray, chessboard_size, None) if ret == True: cv2.drawChessboardCorners(img, chessboard_size, corners, ret) ret, mtx, dist, rvecs, tvecs = cv2.calibrateCamera([objp], [corners], gray.shape[::-1], None, None) # 打印相机内部参数和畸变系数 print("相机内部参数：") print(mtx) print("畸变系数：") print(dist) # 打印外部参数 print("旋转向量：") print(rvecs) print("平移向量：") print(tvecs)这段代码怎么改可以打印成正常数字形式

img = cv2.imread('C:/yingxiang/biaoding.png') gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) ret, corners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray, chessboard_size, None) if ret == True: cv2....

import cv2 import numpy as np chessboard_size = (7,10) # 棋盘格行列数 objp = np.zeros((np.prod(chessboard_size), 3), np.float32) # 内部点的坐标 objp[:, :2] = np.mgrid[0:chessboard_size[0], 0:chessboard_size[1]].T.reshape(-1, 2) img = cv2.imread('C:\yingxiang\OpenCV_Chessboard.png') gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) ret, corners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray, chessboard_size, None) if ret == True: cv2.drawChessboardCorners(img, chessboard_size, corners, ret) ret, mtx, dist, rvecs, tvecs = cv2.calibrateCamera([objp], [corners], gray.shape[::-1], None, None) # 打印相机内部参数和畸变系数 print("相机内部参数：") print(mtx) print("畸变系数：") print(dist) # 打印外部参数 print("旋转向量：") print(rvecs) print("平移向量：") print(tvecs)这段代码为什么打印不出需要的参数

请将 img = cv2.imread('C:\yingxiang\OpenCV_Chessboard.png') 中的路径改为以下形式之一： img = cv2.imread('C:/yingxiang/OpenCV_Chessboard.png') # 使用单斜杠 img = cv2.imread('C:\\yingxiang\\...

out_ds = driver.Create('C:/yingxiang/output.tif', width=4096,height=4096, 1, gdal.GDT_Float32)这句话报错

out_ds = driver.Create('C:/yingxiang/output.tif', width=4096, height=4096, bands=1, eType=gdal.GDT_Float32) 这应该可以正确创建输出数据集了。请注意，bands 和 eType 这两个参数需要指定名称，否则...

def DSM_grid_sorting_masking_check(DSM,grid_size,threshold_angle): ''' 进行基于DSM格网排序的遮蔽检测方法 :param DSM: 输入的数字高程模型 :param grid_size: 格网大小 :param threshold_angle: 实现遮蔽的最大角度 :return: 遮蔽检测结果。True表示不遮蔽，False表示遮蔽 ''' width = DSM.RasterXSize height = DSM.RasterYSize #计算网格数量 grid_num_y =int(np.ceil(height/grid_size)) grid_num_x =int(np.ceil(width/grid_size)) #初始化遮蔽检测结果矩阵 result = np.ones((grid_num_y,grid_num_x),dtype=bool) #计算每个格网进行遮蔽检测 for i in range(grid_num_y): for j in range(grid_num_x): #当前格网内的点坐标 y_min = igrid_size y_max = min((i+1)grid_size,height) x_min = j * grid_size x_max = min((j+1)grid_size,width) coords = np.argwhere(DSM.ReadAsArray(x_min, y_min, x_max - x_min, y_max - y_min) > 0) coords[:, 0] += y_min coords[:, 1] += x_min # 构建KD树 tree = cKDTree(coords) # 查询每个点的最邻近点 k = 2 dist, ind = tree.query(coords, k=k) # 计算每个点的法向量 normals = np.zeros(coords.shape) for l in range(coords.shape[0]): if k == 2: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] else: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] normals[l, :] = np.cross(p1 - p2, p1 - DSM.ReadAsArray(p1[1], p1[0], 1, 1)) # 计算每个点的可见性 visibilities = np.zeros(coords.shape[0]) for l in range(coords.shape[0]): if k == 2: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] else: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] angle = np.cross(np.dot(normals[l, :], (p2 - p1) / dist[l, 1])) 180 / np.pi if angle <= threshold_angle: visibilities[l] = 1 # 判断当前格网是否遮蔽 if np.sum(visibilities) == 0: result[i, j] = False else: result[i, j] = True return result dsm_path = 'C:/yingxiang/output.tif' DSM = gdal.Open(dsm_path) result = DSM_grid_sorting_masking_check(DSM,grid_size=10,threshold_angle=10) print(result.shape)这段代码怎么改可以输出每个点是否被遮蔽

dsm_path = 'C:/yingxiang/output.tif' DSM = gdal.Open(dsm_path) result, mask = DSM_grid_sorting_masking_check(DSM,grid_size=10,threshold_angle=10) print(result.shape) 使用该函数后，mask 矩阵的...

def DSM_grid_sorting_masking_check(DSM,grid_size,threshold_angle): ''' 进行基于DSM格网排序的遮蔽检测方法 :param DSM: 输入的数字高程模型 :param grid_size: 格网大小 :param threshold_angle: 实现遮蔽的最大角度 :return: 遮蔽检测结果。True表示不遮蔽，False表示遮蔽 ''' width = DSM.RasterXSize height = DSM.RasterYSize #计算网格数量 grid_num_y =int(np.ceil(height/grid_size)) grid_num_x =int(np.ceil(width/grid_size)) #初始化遮蔽检测结果矩阵 result = np.ones((grid_num_y,grid_num_x),dtype=bool) # 初始化每个点是否被遮蔽的矩阵 mask = np.zeros((height, width), dtype=bool) #计算每个格网进行遮蔽检测 for i in range(grid_num_y): for j in range(grid_num_x): #当前格网内的点坐标 y_min = igrid_size y_max = min((i+1)grid_size,height) x_min = j * grid_size x_max = min((j+1)grid_size,width) coords = np.argwhere(DSM.ReadAsArray(x_min, y_min, x_max - x_min, y_max - y_min) > 0) coords[:, 0] += y_min coords[:, 1] += x_min # 构建KD树 tree = cKDTree(coords) # 查询每个点的最邻近点 k = 2 dist, ind = tree.query(coords, k=k) # 计算每个点的法向量 normals = np.zeros(coords.shape) for l in range(coords.shape[0]): if k == 2: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] else: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] normals[l, :] = np.cross(p1 - p2, p1 - DSM.ReadAsArray(p1[1], p1[0], 1, 1)) # 计算每个点的可见性 visibilities = np.zeros(coords.shape[0]) for l in range(coords.shape[0]): if k == 2: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] else: p1 = coords[l, :] p2 = coords[ind[l, 1], :] angle = np.cross(np.dot(normals[l, :], (p2 - p1) / dist[l, 1])) 180 / np.pi if angle <= threshold_angle: visibilities[l] = 1 # 判断当前格网是否遮蔽 if np.sum(visibilities) == 0: result[i, j] = False mask[y_min:y_max, x_min:x_max] = True else: result[i, j] = True return result,mask dsm_path = 'C:/yingxiang/output.tif' DSM = gdal.Open(dsm_path) result,mask = DSM_grid_sorting_masking_check(DSM,grid_size=10,threshold_angle=40) print(result.shape)这段代码有什么问题吗

这段代码可能存在以下问题： 1. 函数定义时缺少参数注释和函数说明，不够清晰易懂。 2. 在初始化每个点是否被遮蔽的矩阵时，使用了全零矩阵，而在遮蔽检测中，只有被遮蔽的点需要被标记，因此应该使用全一矩阵。...

chessboard_size = (9,6) # 棋盘格行列数 objp = np.zeros((np.prod(chessboard_size), 3), np.float32) # 内部点的坐标 objp[:, :2] = np.mgrid[0:chessboard_size[0], 0:chessboard_size[1]].T.reshape(-1, 2) img = cv2.imread('C:/yingxiang/biaoding.png') gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) ret, corners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray, chessboard_size, None) #检测棋盘格角点 if ret == True: #如果检测到角点，绘制角点并进行标定 cv2.drawChessboardCorners(img, chessboard_size, corners, ret) ret, mtx, dist, rvecs, tvecs = cv2.calibrateCamera([objp], [corners], gray.shape[::-1], None, None) #chessboard_size表示棋盘格的行列数，objp表示棋盘格内部点的坐标， # img表示棋盘格图像，gray表示灰度图像，ret表示是否检测到角点， # corners表示检测到的角点坐标， # mtx和dist表示相机的内部参数和畸变系数，rvecs和tvecs表示相机的外部参数。 # 打印相机内部参数和畸变系数 print("相机内部参数：") np.set_printoptions(precision=4, suppress=True) print(mtx) print("畸变系数：") np.set_printoptions(precision=4, suppress=True) print(dist) # 将旋转向量转换为旋转矩阵 R, _ = cv2.Rodrigues(rvecs[0])这段代码是什么意思

这段代码是用于相机标定的，主要功能是根据棋盘格图像检测出棋盘格的角点坐标，进而计算相机的内部参数和畸变系数。具体解释如下： - 首先定义了棋盘格的行列数、内部点的坐标，以及读取棋盘格图像并转化为灰度图像...

mport cv2 import numpy as np import glob # 找棋盘格角点 # 阈值 criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 30, 0.001) #棋盘格模板规格 w = 9 h = 6 # 世界坐标系中的棋盘格点,例如(0,0,0), (1,0,0), (2,0,0) ....,(8,5,0)，去掉Z坐标，记为二维矩阵 objp = np.zeros((w*h,3), np.float32) objp[:,:2] = np.mgrid[0:w,0:h].T.reshape(-1,2) # 储存棋盘格角点的世界坐标和图像坐标对 objpoints = [] # 在世界坐标系中的三维点 imgpoints = [] # 在图像平面的二维点 images = glob.glob('C:/yingxiang/biaoding.png') for fname in images: img = cv2.imread(fname) gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 找到棋盘格角点 ret, corners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray, (w,h),None) # 如果找到足够点对，将其存储起来 if ret == True: cv2.cornerSubPix(gray,corners,(11,11),(-1,-1),criteria) objpoints.append(objp) imgpoints.append(corners) # 将角点在图像上显示 cv2.drawChessboardCorners(img, (w,h), corners, ret) cv2.imshow('findCorners',img) cv2.waitKey(1) cv2.destroyAllWindows() # 标定 ret, mtx, dist, rvecs, tvecs = cv2.calibrateCamera(objpoints, imgpoints, gray.shape[::-1], None, None) # 去畸变 img2 = cv2.imread('calib/00169.png') h, w = img2.shape[:2] newcameramtx, roi=cv2.getOptimalNewCameraMatrix(mtx,dist,(w,h),0,(w,h)) # 自由比例参数 dst = cv2.undistort(img2, mtx, dist, None, newcameramtx) # 根据前面ROI区域裁剪图片 #x,y,w,h = roi #dst = dst[y:y+h, x:x+w] cv2.imwrite('calibresult.png',dst) # 反投影误差 total_error = 0 for i in range(len(objpoints)): imgpoints2, _ = cv2.projectPoints(objpoints[i], rvecs[i], tvecs[i], mtx, dist) error = cv2.norm(imgpoints[i],imgpoints2, cv2.NORM_L2)/len(imgpoints2) total_error += error print ("total error: ", total_error/len(objpoints))这段代码为什么会报错

images = glob.glob('C:/yingxiang/biaoding.png') 如果您的图片不在这个路径下，那么您需要将其更改为正确的路径。此外，在标定阶段，您可能需要调整以下参数以获得更好的结果： criteria = (cv2.TERM_...

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