java 雪花id生成
时间: 2023-12-20 13:50:04 浏览: 81
Java中的雪花ID生成算法是一种分布式唯一ID生成算法,它使用了时间戳、机器ID和序列号来生成全局唯一的ID。
具体实现过程如下:
1. 定义一个64位的long类型变量,其中第一位是符号位(始终为0),接下来41位是时间戳,5位是数据中心ID,5位是机器ID,最后12位是序列号。
2. 时间戳部分采用当前时间减去一个固定的起始时间,可以保证生成的ID是递增的。
3. 数据中心ID和机器ID可以预先分配,这样可以保证同一数据中心内的机器ID不会重复。
4. 序列号部分可以使用一个计数器来实现,每次生成ID时将计数器加一即可,需要注意的是,如果在同一毫秒内生成的ID数量超过了4096(2^12),则需要等待一毫秒,以保证生成的ID不重复。
示例代码如下:
```java
public class SnowflakeIdWorker {
// 起始的时间戳
private final static long START_TIMESTAMP = 1480166465631L;
// 机器id所占的位数
private final static long WORKER_ID_BITS = 5L;
// 数据标识id所占的位数
private final static long DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS = 5L;
// 支持的最大机器id,结果是31
private final static long MAX_WORKER_ID = ~(-1L << WORKER_ID_BITS);
// 支持的最大数据标识id,结果是31
private final static long MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID = ~(-1L << DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS);
// 序列在id中占的位数
private final static long SEQUENCE_BITS = 12L;
// 机器ID向左移12位
private final static long WORKER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS;
// 数据标识id向左移17位(12+5)
private final static long DATA_CENTER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS;
// 时间截向左移22位(5+5+12)
private final static long TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS + DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS;
// 生成序列的掩码,这里为4095(0b111111111111=0xfff=4095)
private final static long SEQUENCE_MASK = ~(-1L << SEQUENCE_BITS);
// 工作机器ID(0~31)
private long workerId;
// 数据中心ID(0~31)
private long dataCenterId;
// 毫秒内序列(0~4095)
private long sequence = 0L;
// 上次生成ID的时间戳
private long lastTimestamp = -1L;
public SnowflakeIdWorker(long workerId, long dataCenterId) {
if (workerId > MAX_WORKER_ID || workerId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("workerId can't be greater than " + MAX_WORKER_ID + " or less than 0");
}
if (dataCenterId > MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID || dataCenterId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("dataCenterId can't be greater than " + MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID + " or less than 0");
}
this.workerId = workerId;
this.dataCenterId = dataCenterId;
}
public synchronized long nextId() {
long timestamp = timeGen();
if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id");
}
if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
sequence = (sequence + 1) & SEQUENCE_MASK;
if (sequence == 0) {
timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
}
} else {
sequence = 0L;
}
lastTimestamp = timestamp;
return ((timestamp - START_TIMESTAMP) << TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT) |
(dataCenterId << DATA_CENTER_ID_SHIFT) |
(workerId << WORKER_ID_SHIFT) |
sequence;
}
private long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
long timestamp = timeGen();
while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
timestamp = timeGen();
}
return timestamp;
}
private long timeGen() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
```
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