Python3+PyQT5+Pyserial 实现串口工具方法

以下是使用Python3、PyQT5和Pyserial实现串口工具的方法：

1. 安装Pyserial和PyQT5库

在终端或命令行中输入以下命令来安装Pyserial和PyQT5：

pip install pyserial
pip install pyqt5

2. 创建GUI界面

使用PyQT5创建一个简单的GUI界面。在这个界面中，你需要添加一个下拉菜单来选择串口、一个文本框来显示串口数据和一些按钮来打开/关闭串口和发送数据。

下面是一个简单的PyQT5串口工具界面：

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QComboBox, QTextEdit, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QWidget

class SerialTool(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        # 设置窗口大小
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)

        # 设置窗口标题
        self.setWindowTitle('Serial Tool')

        # 添加下拉菜单
        self.portComboBox = QComboBox(self)
        self.portComboBox.move(10, 10)
        self.portComboBox.resize(180, 30)

        # 添加文本框
        self.textEdit = QTextEdit(self)
        self.textEdit.move(10, 50)
        self.textEdit.resize(380, 180)

        # 添加按钮
        self.openButton = QPushButton('Open', self)
        self.openButton.move(10, 240)
        self.openButton.resize(80, 30)

        self.closeButton = QPushButton('Close', self)
        self.closeButton.move(100, 240)
        self.closeButton.resize(80, 30)

        self.sendButton = QPushButton('Send', self)
        self.sendButton.move(190, 240)
        self.sendButton.resize(80, 30)

        self.clearButton = QPushButton('Clear', self)
        self.clearButton.move(280, 240)
        self.clearButton.resize(80, 30)

        # 添加布局管理器
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addStretch(1)
        hbox.addWidget(self.openButton)
        hbox.addWidget(self.closeButton)
        hbox.addWidget(self.sendButton)
        hbox.addWidget(self.clearButton)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox.addWidget(self.portComboBox)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)

        widget = QWidget()
        widget.setLayout(vbox)
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)

3. 实现串口操作

使用Pyserial库来创建串口连接。在打开串口之前，你需要获取可用的串口列表并将它们添加到下拉菜单中。在发送数据之前，你需要从文本框中获取数据。

下面是一个简单的Pyserial串口操作代码：

import serial

class SerialTool(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
        self.initSerial()

    def initSerial(self):
        # 获取可用串口列表
        ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()

        # 将可用串口添加到下拉菜单中
        for port in ports:
            self.portComboBox.addItem(port.device)

        # 创建串口连接
        self.ser = serial.Serial()

    def openSerial(self):
        # 设置串口参数
        port = self.portComboBox.currentText()
        baudrate = 9600
        bytesize = serial.EIGHTBITS
        parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
        stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE

        self.ser.port = port
        self.ser.baudrate = baudrate
        self.ser.bytesize = bytesize
        self.ser.parity = parity
        self.ser.stopbits = stopbits

        # 打开串口连接
        try:
            self.ser.open()
            self.ser.flushInput()
            self.ser.flushOutput()
            self.textEdit.append('Serial port is open.')
        except Exception as e:
            self.textEdit.append(str(e))

    def closeSerial(self):
        # 关闭串口连接
        try:
            self.ser.close()
            self.textEdit.append('Serial port is closed.')
        except Exception as e:
            self.textEdit.append(str(e))

    def sendSerial(self):
        # 发送数据
        data = self.textEdit.toPlainText()
        try:
            self.ser.write(data.encode())
            self.textEdit.clear()
            self.textEdit.append('Data is sent: ' + data)
        except Exception as e:
            self.textEdit.append(str(e))

4. 运行程序

将GUI界面和串口操作代码组合起来，并在主函数中运行程序。

下面是一个完整的PyQT5串口工具代码：

import sys
import serial
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QComboBox, QTextEdit, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QWidget

class SerialTool(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
        self.initSerial()

    def initUI(self):
        # 设置窗口大小
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)

        # 设置窗口标题
        self.setWindowTitle('Serial Tool')

        # 添加下拉菜单
        self.portComboBox = QComboBox(self)
        self.portComboBox.move(10, 10)
        self.portComboBox.resize(180, 30)

        # 添加文本框
        self.textEdit = QTextEdit(self)
        self.textEdit.move(10, 50)
        self.textEdit.resize(380, 180)

        # 添加按钮
        self.openButton = QPushButton('Open', self)
        self.openButton.move(10, 240)
        self.openButton.resize(80, 30)

        self.closeButton = QPushButton('Close', self)
        self.closeButton.move(100, 240)
        self.closeButton.resize(80, 30)

        self.sendButton = QPushButton('Send', self)
        self.sendButton.move(190, 240)
        self.sendButton.resize(80, 30)

        self.clearButton = QPushButton('Clear', self)
        self.clearButton.move(280, 240)
        self.clearButton.resize(80, 30)

        # 添加布局管理器
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addStretch(1)
        hbox.addWidget(self.openButton)
        hbox.addWidget(self.closeButton)
        hbox.addWidget(self.sendButton)
        hbox.addWidget(self.clearButton)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox.addWidget(self.portComboBox)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)

        widget = QWidget()
        widget.setLayout(vbox)
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)

        # 绑定按钮事件
        self.openButton.clicked.connect(self.openSerial)
        self.closeButton.clicked.connect(self.closeSerial)
        self.sendButton.clicked.connect(self.sendSerial)
        self.clearButton.clicked.connect(self.textEdit.clear)

    def initSerial(self):
        # 获取可用串口列表
        ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()

        # 将可用串口添加到下拉菜单中
        for port in ports:
            self.portComboBox.addItem(port.device)

        # 创建串口连接
        self.ser = serial.Serial()

    def openSerial(self):
        # 设置串口参数
        port = self.portComboBox.currentText()
        baudrate = 9600
        bytesize = serial.EIGHTBITS
        parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
        stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE

        self.ser.port = port
        self.ser.baudrate = baudrate
        self.ser.bytesize = bytesize
        self.ser.parity = parity
        self.ser.stopbits = stopbits

        # 打开串口连接
        try:
            self.ser.open()
            self.ser.flushInput()
            self.ser.flushOutput()
            self.textEdit.append('Serial port is open.')
        except Exception as e:
            self.textEdit.append(str(e))

    def closeSerial(self):
        # 关闭串口连接
        try:
            self.ser.close()
            self.textEdit.append('Serial port is closed.')
        except Exception as e:
            self.textEdit.append(str(e))

    def sendSerial(self):
        # 发送数据
        data = self.textEdit.toPlainText()
        try:
            self.ser.write(data.encode())
            self.textEdit.clear()
            self.textEdit.append('Data is sent: ' + data)
        except Exception as e:
            self.textEdit.append(str(e))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    serialTool = SerialTool()
    serialTool.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

运行程序后，你应该可以打开串口并发送数据了。