opencv 巡线 pid 代码
时间: 2023-10-30 18:07:30 浏览: 100
下面是一个简单的 OpenCV 巡线 PID 控制的代码示例:
```python
import cv2
import numpy as np
# 设置PID参数
kp = 0.5
ki = 0.0
kd = 0.2
# 设置误差和积分变量
last_error = 0
integral = 0
# 设置阈值
h_threshold = 60
s_threshold = 40
v_threshold = 40
# 定义ROI区域
roi_vertices = np.array([[(0, 480), (0, 280), (640, 280), (640, 480)]], dtype=np.int32)
# 初始化摄像头
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while True:
# 读取摄像头图像
ret, frame = cap.read()
# 转换为HSV色彩空间
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# 对HSV图像进行阈值处理,得到二值化图像
h_binary = cv2.inRange(hsv, np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([180, h_threshold, v_threshold]))
s_binary = cv2.inRange(hsv, np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([180, s_threshold, v_threshold]))
v_binary = cv2.inRange(hsv, np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([180, v_threshold, v_threshold]))
binary = cv2.bitwise_and(h_binary, s_binary)
binary = cv2.bitwise_and(binary, v_binary)
# 对二值化图像进行ROI裁剪
masked = cv2.bitwise_and(binary, cv2.fillPoly(np.zeros_like(binary), roi_vertices, 255))
# 检测直线,输出直线斜率和截距
lines = cv2.HoughLinesP(masked, rho=1, theta=np.pi/180, threshold=50, minLineLength=50, maxLineGap=10)
if lines is not None:
for line in lines:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = line[0]
cv2.line(frame, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (0, 0, 255), 2)
if x2 != x1:
slope = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
intercept = y1 - slope * x1
error = 320 - ((240 - intercept) / slope)
integral += error
derivative = error - last_error
last_error = error
pid_output = kp * error + ki * integral + kd * derivative
print("PID output: ", pid_output)
# 显示结果
cv2.imshow("frame", frame)
cv2.imshow("masked", masked)
# 按下q键退出
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
break
# 释放摄像头并关闭窗口
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
```
在这个示例中,我们首先定义了 PID 控制器的参数,包括比例系数、积分系数和微分系数。然后,我们定义了误差变量和积分变量,用于计算 PID 输出。接下来,我们将图像转换为 HSV 色彩空间,并对图像进行阈值处理,得到二值化图像。然后,我们裁剪出 ROI 区域,并使用 Hough 变换检测直线。如果检测到直线,我们计算直线的斜率和截距,并计算误差、积分和微分,最终得到 PID 输出。最后,我们显示图像,并等待按下 q 键退出程序。
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