Diffie-Hellman密钥交换协议实现 pycharm改进代码

以下是改进后的Diffie-Hellman密钥交换协议实现的示例代码，它考虑了更多的安全性和可扩展性：

import random
import hashlib

# 安全素数，长度为2048位
p = int('''
        00:c7:77:4f:96:3a:6a:fa:d5:6b:1c:8d:8a:35:9d:
        56:dc:9c:5c:7f:23:20:8f:8f:7c:bb:bd:2c:90:1f:
        f2:5f:91:94:8e:38:3b:8f:3b:1e:5e:fc:62:4a:98:
        3e:4a:db:f0:6a:3d:8f:bc:93:2b:6d:e4:24:31:6e:
        f4:3c:62:36:2c:fc:1d:8e:44:06:cc:7e:31:dc:1e:
        b1:28:7e:3a:75:dd:2d:6d:87:3d:2e:1b:2d:9d:9f:
        6e:3e:bc:9c:5d:1e:3a:3d:2a:7a:6f:98:25:d9:4c:
        7a:7c:6f:7b:5b:32:4e:c3:1d:19:3d:c0:5c:22:51:
        26:4e:08:8b:bb:9b:98:3e:3a:fc:97:1f:d1:2b:85:
        44:4c:96:d3:9d:cd:95:52:9f:1c:2a:04:66:24:4a:
        d1:cf:98:0e:6a:fb:d5:6e:1d:7e:9c:4e:13:ef:2e:
        2f:3f:da:fe:71:db:7f:dd:fc:7e:4a:2f:f3:44:8a:
        6e:5d:8f:a5:4a:74:1b:ae:dc:e5:8d:81:da:8d:2d:
        5d:13:57:7a:5f:75:2c:1f:df:9a:2e:3f:4c:6c:a9:
        4a:39:c4:4d:95:42:b8:7d:9c:11:cc:5b:9d:6b:48:
        7b:55:61:2c:5e:15:5a:12:5f:6f:9e:9d:4e:11:3b:
        88:61:8f:5b:26:4c:3c:28:2d:5b:6a:2d:54:18:4d:
        2e:38:99:5f:20:bb:07:95:13:09:75:5d:5b:95:8e:
        18:ec:ce:7d:9d:3f:6e:5a:2d:9f:2b:59:8a:88:71:
        6d
        '''.replace(':', '').replace('\n', ''), 16)

# 原根，随机选择一个
g = random.randint(2, p - 2)

# 生成私钥，长度为256位
a = random.getrandbits(256)
b = random.getrandbits(256)

# 计算公钥
A = pow(g, a, p)
B = pow(g, b, p)

# 计算共享密钥
s1 = pow(B, a, p)
s2 = pow(A, b, p)

# 验证共享密钥是否相同
assert s1 == s2

# 将共享密钥转换为128位的十六进制字符串
shared_key = hashlib.sha256(str(s1).encode()).hexdigest()

print("共享密钥:", shared_key)

在此示例中，我们使用了一个较大的安全素数p，长度为2048位。我们还使用了一个随机选择的原根g，这增加了安全性。我们还使用了一个更长的私钥，长度为256位。最后，我们将共享密钥转换为128位的十六进制字符串，以便于存储和传输。