self.openGLWidget如何添加三维图像

要在 `QOpenGLWidget` 中添加三维图像，你需要使用一些三维图像渲染库，比如OpenGL或者Qt3D等库。下面是一个基本的示例代码，展示如何在 `QOpenGLWidget` 中添加一个简单的三维图形：

from PyQt5.QtGui import QOpenGLShader, QOpenGLShaderProgram, QOpenGLTexture
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QOpenGLWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QCoreApplication
import numpy as np
import OpenGL.GL as gl

class MyOpenGLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        
        # 初始化三维图像
        self.vertices = np.array([
            [-1.0, -1.0,  1.0],
            [ 1.0, -1.0,  1.0],
            [ 1.0,  1.0,  1.0],
            [-1.0,  1.0,  1.0],
            [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0],
            [ 1.0, -1.0, -1.0],
            [ 1.0,  1.0, -1.0],
            [-1.0,  1.0, -1.0]
        ]).astype(np.float32)
        self.indices = np.array([
            [0, 1, 2], [2, 3, 0],
            [1, 5, 6], [6, 2, 1],
            [7, 6, 5], [5, 4, 7],
            [4, 0, 3], [3, 7, 4],
            [4, 5, 1], [1, 0, 4],
            [3, 2, 6], [6, 7, 3]
        ]).astype(np.uint32)
        
        # 初始化着色器程序
        self.shader_program = QOpenGLShaderProgram(self)
        vertex_shader = QOpenGLShader(QOpenGLShader.Vertex, self)
        vertex_shader.compileSourceCode("""
            attribute vec3 a_position;
            uniform mat4 u_mvp_matrix;
            void main() {
                gl_Position = u_mvp_matrix * vec4(a_position, 1.0);
            }
        """)
        fragment_shader = QOpenGLShader(QOpenGLShader.Fragment, self)
        fragment_shader.compileSourceCode("""
            void main() {
                gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
            }
        """)
        self.shader_program.addShader(vertex_shader)
        self.shader_program.addShader(fragment_shader)
        self.shader_program.link()
        
        # 初始化纹理
        self.texture = QOpenGLTexture(QOpenGLTexture.Target2D)
        self.texture.setData(QCoreApplication.instance().applicationDirPath() + "/texture.jpg")
        
        # 设置背景颜色
        self.setBackgroundColor(Qt.black)
        
    def setBackgroundColor(self, color):
        r, g, b, a = color.getRgbF()
        gl.glClearColor(r, g, b, a)
        
    def initializeGL(self):
        gl.glEnable(gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST) # 启用深度测试
        
    def paintGL(self):
        gl.glClear(gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        self.shader_program.bind()
        self.shader_program.enableAttributeArray("a_position")
        self.shader_program.setAttributeArray("a_position", self.vertices)
        mvp_matrix = np.eye(4, dtype=np.float32)
        aspect_ratio = self.width() / self.height()
        mvp_matrix = np.dot(mvp_matrix, self.getProjectionMatrix(aspect_ratio))
        mvp_matrix = np.dot(mvp_matrix, self.getViewMatrix())
        self.shader_program.setUniformValue("u_mvp_matrix", mvp_matrix)
        self.texture.bind()
        gl.glDrawElements(gl.GL_TRIANGLES, self.indices.size, gl.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, self.indices)
        
    def getProjectionMatrix(self, aspect_ratio):
        fov = 45.0
        znear = 0.1
        zfar = 100.0
        projection_matrix = np.zeros((4, 4), dtype=np.float32)
        tan_half_fov = np.tan(np.deg2rad(fov / 2.0))
        projection_matrix[0, 0] = 1.0 / (tan_half_fov * aspect_ratio)
        projection_matrix[1, 1] = 1.0 / tan_half_fov
        projection_matrix[2, 2] = -(zfar + znear) / (zfar - znear)
        projection_matrix[2, 3] = -2.0 * zfar * znear / (zfar - znear)
        projection_matrix[3, 2] = -1.0
        return projection_matrix
        
    def getViewMatrix(self):
        eye = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 5.0])
        target = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
        up = np.array([0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
        view_matrix = np.zeros((4, 4), dtype=np.float32)
        view_matrix[:3, :3] = self.getLookAtMatrix(eye, target, up)
        view_matrix[:3, 3] = eye
        view_matrix[3, 3] = 1.0
        return view_matrix
        
    def getLookAtMatrix(self, eye, target, up):
        forward = target - eye
        forward = forward / np.linalg.norm(forward)
        side = np.cross(forward, up)
        side = side / np.linalg.norm(side)
        up = np.cross(side, forward)
        up = up / np.linalg.norm(up)
        look_at_matrix = np.zeros((4, 4), dtype=np.float32)
        look_at_matrix[0, :3] = side
        look_at_matrix[1, :3] = up
        look_at_matrix[2, :3] = -forward
        look_at_matrix[3, 3] = 1.0
        return look_at_matrix

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    w = MyOpenGLWidget()
    w.show()
    app.exec_()

该示例代码展示了如何在 `QOpenGLWidget` 中绘制一个简单的立方体，并使用着色器程序和纹理进行渲染。你可以根据需要修改代码，来绘制你自己的三维图形。