Java 定义一个Person类，有姓名、年龄两个属性。再定义一个Student类继承Person类，Student类除了继承人类的属性外，还有学生学号、班级、所学课程等属性，并且实现学习的行为。再定义一个测试类，用于测试学生类。

在Java中，我们可以按照这样的结构来定义：

// Person类，基础类
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    // 构造函数和getter/setter方法
    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    // getters and setters
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    public int getAge() { return age; }
    public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }
}

// Student类，继承自Person并添加额外属性和行为
public class Student extends Person {
    private String studentID;
    private String className;
    private List<String> courses;

    // 学习方法
    public void study(String course) {
        System.out.println("学生 " + getName() + " 正在学习 " + course);
    }

    // 构造函数和getter/setter方法
    public Student(String name, int age, String studentID, String className, List<String> courses) {
        super(name, age); // 调用父类构造函数
        this.studentID = studentID;
        this.className = className;
        this.courses = courses;
    }

    // getters and setters for additional properties
    public String getStudentID() { return studentID; }
    public void setStudentID(String studentID) { this.studentID = studentID; }
    public String getClassName() { return className; }
    public void setClassName(String className) { this.className = className; }
    public List<String> getCourses() { return courses; }
    public void setCourses(List<String> courses) { this.courses = courses; }
}

// Test类，用于测试Student类
public class TestStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建一个Student对象并设置属性
        Student student = new Student("张三", 18, "001", "一班", Arrays.asList("数学", "英语"));

        // 调用父类和子类的方法
        System.out.println("姓名: " + student.getName());
        System.out.println("年龄: " + student.getAge());

        // 测试学习行为
        student.study("物理");
    }
}