matlab光线追踪程序

下面是一个简单的MATLAB光线追踪程序示例，它演示了如何使用基本的光线追踪算法生成一个简单的场景图像：

% 设置场景参数
width = 800;            % 图像宽度
height = 600;           % 图像高度
fov = 60;               % 视场角度
max_depth = 5;          % 最大追踪深度

% 创建图像
image = zeros(height, width, 3);

% 定义相机参数
camera_position = [0, 0, -1];        % 相机位置
camera_target = [0, 0, 0];           % 相机目标位置
camera_up = [0, 1, 0];               % 相机上方向

% 计算相机坐标系
camera_forward = normalize(camera_target - camera_position);
camera_right = cross(camera_forward, camera_up);
camera_up = cross(camera_right, camera_forward);

% 光线追踪主循环
for y = 1:height
    for x = 1:width
        % 计算光线方向
        aspect_ratio = width / height;
        viewport_height = 2 * tan(deg2rad(fov/2));        viewport_width = aspect_ratio * viewport_height;
        u = (x - width/2) / width;
        v = (height/2 - y) / height;
        ray_direction = normalize(camera_forward + u*viewport_width*camera_right + v*viewport_height*camera_up);
        
        % 追踪光线
        color = trace_ray(camera_position, ray_direction, 0);
        
        % 将颜色存储到图像中
        image(y, x, :) = color;
    end
end

% 显示图像
imshow(image);

% 光线追踪函数
function color = trace_ray(origin, direction, depth)
    % 定义场景中的物体，这里仅使用一个球体
    sphere_center = [0, 0, 0];
    sphere_radius = 0.5;
    
    % 检测光线与球体的相交
    intersection = intersect_ray_sphere(origin, direction, sphere_center, sphere_radius);
    
    if intersection
        % 计算球体法向量
        normal = normalize(intersection - sphere_center);
        
        % 计算漫反射光照
        light_direction = normalize([1, 1, -1]);
        diffuse_color = [1, 0.5, 0];
        diffuse_intensity = max(0, dot(normal, light_direction));
        diffuse_lighting = diffuse_intensity * diffuse_color;
        
        % 递归追踪反射光线
        if depth < max_depth
            reflect_direction = reflect_ray(direction, normal);
            reflect_color = trace_ray(intersection, reflect_direction, depth+1);
        else
            reflect_color = [0, 0, 0];
        end
        
        % 计算最终颜色
        color = diffuse_lighting + 0.5 * reflect_color;
    else
        % 如果光线未与物体相交，则返回背景颜色
        color = [0.5, 0.7, 1];
    end
end

% 射线-球体相交函数
function intersection = intersect_ray_sphere(origin, direction, center, radius)
    oc = origin - center;
    a = dot(direction, direction);
    b = 2 * dot(oc, direction);
    c = dot(oc, oc) - radius^2;
    discriminant = b^2 - 4*a*c;
    
    if discriminant > 0
        t1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a);
        t2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a);
        
        if t1 > 0 || t2 > 0
            intersection = origin + min(t1, t2) * direction;
        else
            intersection = [];
        end
    else
        intersection = [];
    end
end

% 反射光线计算函数
function reflect_direction = reflect_ray(incident_direction, surface_normal)
    reflect_direction = incident_direction - 2 * dot(incident_direction, surface_normal) * surface_normal;
end

% 向量归一化函数
function normalized_vector = normalize(vector)
    normalized_vector = vector / norm(vector);
end

这是一个简单的光线追踪示例，它使用一个球体作为场景中的物体。你可以根据需要修改场景和渲染参数，并使用更复杂的光照模型和物体表示来扩展程序。请注意，该示例可能不是高效的光线追踪实现，但它可以帮助你理解光线追踪的基本原理和实现过程。