C++string的shrink_to_fit

C++中的string类提供了shrink_to_fit()函数，可以使string的容量（capacity）随着size的缩小而缩小。\[2\]当我们使用resize()函数来改变string的大小时，如果size缩小后，字符超出的部分会被裁剪掉，但是capacity不会减小。而shrink_to_fit()函数可以在size缩小后，将capacity也相应地缩小，以节省内存空间。\[2\]这个函数在C++11中被引入，可以通过调用string对象的shrink_to_fit()方法来使用。
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