python对RabbitMQ的简单使用

Python与RabbitMQ的集成通常通过`pika`库来实现，这是一个Python客户端库，用于与RabbitMQ进行交互。以下是一个简单的使用示例：

首先，确保安装了`pika`库，可以通过pip安装：

pip install pika

然后，你可以创建一个生产者（Publisher）和一个消费者（Consumer）来发送和接收消息：

**生产者（Producer）:**

import pika

def send_message():
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
    channel = connection.channel()

    # 声明交换器（Exchange）
    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')

    # 发送消息
    routing_key = 'info'
    message = 'Hello World!'
    channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message)

    print(f" [x] Sent {message} to {routing_key}")

    connection.close()

send_message()

**消费者（Consumer）:**

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

def consume_messages():
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
    channel = connection.channel()

    # 声明队列并自动绑定到交换器
    channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue='hello', routing_key='info')

    channel.basic_consume(queue='hello', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

    print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
    channel.start_consuming()

consume_messages()

在这个例子中，生产者向名为'direct_logs'的交换器发送消息，使用路由键'info'。消费者会从队列'hello'中接收这些消息。