单片机外部通讯金融与支付应用:打造安全便捷的金融服务

发布时间: 2024-07-11 03:28:21 阅读量: 37 订阅数: 42
![单片机外部通讯金融与支付应用:打造安全便捷的金融服务](https://www.pospos.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/4830e36886ef210250c877d04428451-1024x541.jpg) # 1. 单片机外部通讯基础 单片机外部通讯是指单片机与外部设备或系统进行信息交换的过程。它使单片机能够与外界进行交互,从而实现各种功能。单片机外部通讯的基本原理是通过输入/输出(I/O)端口与外部设备进行数据传输。 单片机外部通讯的类型多种多样,常见的包括串口通讯、I2C通讯和SPI通讯。这些通讯方式各有其特点和应用场景。串口通讯是一种简单高效的通讯方式,常用于与PC机、打印机等设备进行通信。I2C通讯是一种总线式通讯方式,支持多主控器和多个从设备同时通信。SPI通讯是一种高速同步通讯方式,常用于与高速外设进行通信。 # 2. 单片机外部通讯技术 ### 2.1 串口通讯 #### 2.1.1 串口通讯原理 串口通讯,又称串行通讯,是一种单向、单比特传输的通讯方式。它通过一条数据线(TXD)和一条接收线(RXD)进行数据传输,数据以比特为单位逐个发送和接收。 串口通讯的原理是:发送方将数据按比特位顺序依次发送出去,接收方则按比特位顺序依次接收数据。发送方和接收方之间需要约定好波特率(比特率)、数据位、停止位和校验位等通讯参数。 #### 2.1.2 串口通讯协议 串口通讯协议定义了数据传输的格式和规则,包括: - **波特率:**数据传输速率,单位为比特/秒(bps)。 - **数据位:**每个字符所占用的比特位数,通常为 5、6、7 或 8 位。 - **停止位:**发送完一个字符后,发送方停止发送信号的比特位数,通常为 1 或 2 位。 - **校验位:**用于检测数据传输过程中是否出现错误,通常为奇校验或偶校验。 ### 2.2 I2C通讯 #### 2.2.1 I2C通讯原理 I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)通讯是一种双向、多主从的串行通讯方式。它使用两条信号线:串行数据线(SDA)和串行时钟线(SCL),可以连接多个主设备和多个从设备。 I2C通讯的原理是:主设备通过发送起始信号开始通讯,然后发送从设备地址和读/写命令。从设备收到地址后,如果地址匹配,则发送应答信号。主设备随后发送数据或接收数据,并通过停止信号结束通讯。 #### 2.2.2 I2C通讯协议 I2C通讯协议定义了数据传输的格式和规则,包括: - **起始信号:**主设备发送一个低电平信号,然后发送一个高电平信号。 - **从设备地址:**主设备发送一个 7 位的从设备地址,其中最后一位为读/写命令(0 为写,1 为读)。 - **应答信号:**从设备收到地址后,如果地址匹配,则发送一个低电平信号。 - **数据传输:**主设备发送数据或接收数据,每个字节包含 8 位数据和 1 位校验位。 - **停止信号:**主设备发送一个高电平信号,然后发送一个低电平信号。 ### 2.3 SPI通讯 #### 2.3.1 SPI通讯原理 SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)通讯是一种高速、全双工的串行通讯方式。它使用四条信号线:串行时钟线(SCLK)、主设备输出数据线(MOSI)、从设备输出数据线(MISO)和
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广州大学计算机硕士,硬件开发资深技术专家,拥有超过10多年的工作经验。曾就职于全球知名的大型科技公司,担任硬件工程师一职。任职期间负责产品的整体架构设计、电路设计、原型制作和测试验证工作。对硬件开发领域有着深入的理解和独到的见解。
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