51单片机串口通信实战:串口奥秘大揭秘,轻松实现数据传输

发布时间: 2024-07-07 05:56:29 阅读量: 46 订阅数: 48
![51单片机串口通信实战:串口奥秘大揭秘,轻松实现数据传输](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210421205501612.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTU4OTAzMA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) # 1. 51单片机串口通信基础 串口通信是一种广泛应用于嵌入式系统中的数据传输方式,它通过串行传输线实现数据的单向或双向传输。51单片机作为一种常用的嵌入式微控制器,具有内置的串口模块,支持串口通信功能。 本节将介绍51单片机串口通信的基础知识,包括串口通信方式、串口通信帧格式、51单片机串口硬件电路等内容。通过对这些基础知识的理解,可以为后续的串口通信编程和应用奠定基础。 # 2. 串口通信协议与硬件原理 ### 2.1 串口通信协议简介 #### 2.1.1 串行通信方式 串口通信是一种**串行通信**方式,即数据以**一位一位**的形式进行传输。与并行通信相比,串行通信具有**成本低、抗干扰能力强**等优点。 #### 2.1.2 串口通信帧格式 串口通信帧一般由**起始位、数据位、停止位**组成。 - **起始位:**一个**低电平**信号,表示帧的开始。 - **数据位:**传输**实际数据**的位,通常为**5-8**位。 - **停止位:**一个或多个**高电平**信号,表示帧的结束。 ### 2.2 51单片机串口硬件电路 #### 2.2.1 串口引脚定义 51单片机常用的串口引脚为**P3.0(TXD)**和**P3.1(RXD)**。 - **TXD(Transmit Data):**发送数据引脚,输出数据。 - **RXD(Receive Data):**接收数据引脚,输入数据。 #### 2.2.2 串口波特率设置 串口波特率表示**每秒传输的位数**,单位为**bps(bit per second)**。51单片机串口波特率由**波特率发生器(BRG)**设置,其值由**时钟频率**和**BRG寄存器**的值共同决定。 **波特率计算公式:** ``` 波特率 = 时钟频率 / (32 * (BRG寄存器值 + 1)) ``` **代码块:** ```c // 设置波特率为 9600bps,时钟频率为 11.0592MHz SBRL = 0x78; SBH = 0x20; ``` **逻辑分析:** - `SBRL`寄存器存储BRG寄存器的低8位,`S
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Big黄勇

硬件工程师
广州大学计算机硕士,硬件开发资深技术专家,拥有超过10多年的工作经验。曾就职于全球知名的大型科技公司,担任硬件工程师一职。任职期间负责产品的整体架构设计、电路设计、原型制作和测试验证工作。对硬件开发领域有着深入的理解和独到的见解。
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