Oracle数据库RAC配置:构建高可靠性集群,提升数据库稳定性

发布时间: 2024-07-25 13:13:03 阅读量: 19 订阅数: 22
![Oracle数据库RAC配置:构建高可靠性集群,提升数据库稳定性](https://ucc.alicdn.com/pic/developer-ecology/51cb2f42420e4a8cbffca2394059fe17.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,s_500,m_lfit) # 1. Oracle RAC概述 Oracle RAC(Real Application Clusters)是一种高可用性、高可扩展性的数据库集群解决方案,它允许多个数据库实例在共享存储上运行,同时提供单一系统映像。RAC通过消除单点故障,确保数据库的持续可用性,并通过并行处理提高性能。 RAC架构由以下组件组成: - **实例:**数据库软件的运行实例,每个实例都维护自己的内存结构和缓冲池。 - **节点:**运行一个或多个实例的物理或虚拟服务器。 - **服务:**一个或多个实例提供的数据库服务,客户端通过服务访问数据库。 - **集群通信机制:**允许实例之间通信的机制,如私有网络和共享内存。 # 2. RAC架构与原理 ### 2.1 RAC的整体架构 Oracle RAC(Real Application Clusters)是一种高可用性、高可扩展性的数据库集群解决方案,它允许多个数据库实例共享一个公共的数据库,并同时访问同一组物理存储设备。RAC架构主要由以下组件组成: - **实例(Instance):** 一个数据库实例是一个独立的数据库进程,它管理着数据库的内存结构、处理用户请求并执行SQL语句。在RAC中,每个节点上都可以运行一个或多个实例。 - **节点(Node):** 一个节点是一台物理服务器,它承载着RAC实例。节点之间通过高速网络连接,并共享同一组存储设备。 - **服务(Service):** 服务是一个逻辑概念,它代表了对数据库的访问点。服务可以绑定到一个或多个实例上,当用户连接到服务时,连接将被路由到其中一个可用的实例。 - **集群通信机制:** 集群通信机制是RAC中用于节点之间通信的机制。它包括私有网络、全局缓存服务(GCS)和虚拟IP(VIP)。私有网络用于节点之间的高速通信,GCS用于同步节点之间的内存结构,VIP用于对外提供服务的访问点。 ### 2.2 实例、节点和服务 **实例** 实例是RAC架构的核心组件,它负责管理数据库的内存结构、处理用户请求并执行SQL语句。每个实例都有自己的私有内存和缓冲区,并且独立于其他实例运行。在RAC中,一个节点上可以运行多个实例,这可以提高可扩展性和可用性。 **节点** 节点是物理服务器,它承载着RAC实例。节点之间通过高速网络连接,并共享同一组存储设备。每个节点都有自己的操作系统、内存和处理器,并且可以独立运行。节点的故障不会影响其他节点上的实例,这确保了RAC的高可用性。 **服务** 服务是一个逻辑概念,它代表了对数据库的访问点。服务可以绑定到一个或多个实例上,当用户连接到服务时,连接将被路由到其中一个可用的实例。服务可以配置为高可用性,这意味着如果一个实例发生故障,连接将自动路由到另一个可用的实例。 ### 2.3 集群通信机制 集群通信机制是RAC中用于节点之间通信的机制。它包括私有网络、全局缓存服务(GCS)和虚拟IP(VIP)。 **私有网络** 私有网络是一个高速网络,用于节点之间的高速通信。它通常使用Infiniband或以太网技术,并提供低延迟和高带宽。私有网络用于同步节点之间的内存结构、协调故障处理和管理集群资源。 **全局缓存服务(GCS)** GCS是一个分布式缓存服务,用于同步节点之间的内存结构。它维护着所有节点上数据块的最新副本,并确保当一个节点更新数据块时,其他节点可以立即访问更新后的数据。GCS提高了RAC的性能和可用性,因为它消除了节点之间读取一致数据的需要。 **虚拟IP(VIP)** VIP是一个逻辑IP地址,用于对外提
corwn 最低0.47元/天 解锁专栏
送3个月
profit 百万级 高质量VIP文章无限畅学
profit 千万级 优质资源任意下载
profit C知道 免费提问 ( 生成式Al产品 )

相关推荐

LI_李波

资深数据库专家
北理工计算机硕士,曾在一家全球领先的互联网巨头公司担任数据库工程师,负责设计、优化和维护公司核心数据库系统,在大规模数据处理和数据库系统架构设计方面颇有造诣。
专栏简介
本专栏深入探讨了 Oracle 数据库的各个方面,从配置到优化再到故障排除,提供了一系列全面的指南。专栏涵盖了从小白到高手的蜕变指南、性能提升法则、参数调优技巧、内存管理策略、日志配置秘诀、网络优化方法、备份与恢复实战、监控与故障排除技巧、性能分析深入剖析、数据迁移秘籍、集群配置方案、RAC 构建、ASM 自动化存储管理、RMAN 高效备份与恢复、Data Guard 灾难恢复、GoldenGate 异构数据库复制、Exadata 硬件优化、云部署优势、容器化部署敏捷性以及安全配置保障。通过这些文章,读者可以掌握 Oracle 数据库的配置、优化、维护和故障排除的秘诀,从而提升数据库性能、保障数据安全和实现业务连续性。
最低0.47元/天 解锁专栏
送3个月
百万级 高质量VIP文章无限畅学
千万级 优质资源任意下载
C知道 免费提问 ( 生成式Al产品 )

最新推荐

Technical Guide to Building Enterprise-level Document Management System using kkfileview

# 1.1 kkfileview Technical Overview kkfileview is a technology designed for file previewing and management, offering rapid and convenient document browsing capabilities. Its standout feature is the support for online previews of various file formats, such as Word, Excel, PDF, and more—allowing user

PyCharm Python Version Management and Version Control: Integrated Strategies for Version Management and Control

# Overview of Version Management and Version Control Version management and version control are crucial practices in software development, allowing developers to track code changes, collaborate, and maintain the integrity of the codebase. Version management systems (like Git and Mercurial) provide

Styling Scrollbars in Qt Style Sheets: Detailed Examples on Beautifying Scrollbar Appearance with QSS

# Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Scrollbar Beautification with Qt Style Sheets ## 1.1 The Importance of Scrollbars in Qt Interface Design As a frequently used interactive element in Qt interface design, scrollbars play a crucial role in displaying a vast amount of information within limited space. In

Expert Tips and Secrets for Reading Excel Data in MATLAB: Boost Your Data Handling Skills

# MATLAB Reading Excel Data: Expert Tips and Tricks to Elevate Your Data Handling Skills ## 1. The Theoretical Foundations of MATLAB Reading Excel Data MATLAB offers a variety of functions and methods to read Excel data, including readtable, importdata, and xlsread. These functions allow users to

Image Processing and Computer Vision Techniques in Jupyter Notebook

# Image Processing and Computer Vision Techniques in Jupyter Notebook ## Chapter 1: Introduction to Jupyter Notebook ### 2.1 What is Jupyter Notebook Jupyter Notebook is an interactive computing environment that supports code execution, text writing, and image display. Its main features include: -

Installing and Optimizing Performance of NumPy: Optimizing Post-installation Performance of NumPy

# 1. Introduction to NumPy NumPy, short for Numerical Python, is a Python library used for scientific computing. It offers a powerful N-dimensional array object, along with efficient functions for array operations. NumPy is widely used in data science, machine learning, image processing, and scient

Analyzing Trends in Date Data from Excel Using MATLAB

# Introduction ## 1.1 Foreword In the current era of information explosion, vast amounts of data are continuously generated and recorded. Date data, as a significant part of this, captures the changes in temporal information. By analyzing date data and performing trend analysis, we can better under

Parallelization Techniques for Matlab Autocorrelation Function: Enhancing Efficiency in Big Data Analysis

# 1. Introduction to Matlab Autocorrelation Function The autocorrelation function is a vital analytical tool in time-domain signal processing, capable of measuring the similarity of a signal with itself at varying time lags. In Matlab, the autocorrelation function can be calculated using the `xcorr

Statistical Tests for Model Evaluation: Using Hypothesis Testing to Compare Models

# Basic Concepts of Model Evaluation and Hypothesis Testing ## 1.1 The Importance of Model Evaluation In the fields of data science and machine learning, model evaluation is a critical step to ensure the predictive performance of a model. Model evaluation involves not only the production of accura

[Frontier Developments]: GAN's Latest Breakthroughs in Deepfake Domain: Understanding Future AI Trends

# 1. Introduction to Deepfakes and GANs ## 1.1 Definition and History of Deepfakes Deepfakes, a portmanteau of "deep learning" and "fake", are technologically-altered images, audio, and videos that are lifelike thanks to the power of deep learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs
最低0.47元/天 解锁专栏
送3个月
百万级 高质量VIP文章无限畅学
千万级 优质资源任意下载
C知道 免费提问 ( 生成式Al产品 )