串口通信详解:深入理解C51单片机串口协议,实战编程

发布时间: 2024-07-08 06:59:19 阅读量: 53 订阅数: 27
![串口通信详解:深入理解C51单片机串口协议,实战编程](https://i1.hdslb.com/bfs/archive/23b3144b925fde1ea61d9c38d9ab15b9e77b8d32.jpg@960w_540h_1c.webp) # 1. 串口通信基础 串口通信是一种广泛应用于嵌入式系统和工业控制领域的通信方式。它通过串行数据线传输数据,具有成本低、可靠性高、易于实现等优点。 在串口通信中,数据以位为单位依次传输,由发送端发送至接收端。串口通信的基本组成部分包括发送器、接收器、数据线和控制线。发送器负责将数据转换为串行信号,并通过数据线发送出去;接收器负责接收串行信号,并将其转换为数据。 串口通信的速率由波特率决定,波特率表示每秒传输的比特数。常见的波特率有9600、115200、921600等。波特率的设置需要根据实际应用场景和硬件条件进行选择。 # 2. C51单片机串口协议 ### 2.1 串口寄存器和位定义 C51单片机提供了三个与串口通信相关的寄存器:SCON、SBUF和PCON。 #### 2.1.1 SCON寄存器 SCON寄存器用于配置串口通信模式、波特率和中断使能。其位定义如下: | 位 | 名称 | 功能 | |---|---|---| | 7 | SM2 | 串口模式选择位,0为8位数据位,1为9位数据位 | | 6 | SM1 | 串口模式选择位,0为8位数据位,1为9位数据位 | | 5 | REN | 接收使能位,0为接收器禁用,1为接收器使能 | | 4 | TB8 | 发送数据位数选择位,0为8位数据位,1为9位数据位 | | 3 | RB8 | 接收数据位数选择位,0为8位数据位,1为9位数据位 | | 2 | TI | 发送中断标志位,1表示发送缓冲区为空,可以发送数据 | | 1 | RI | 接收中断标志位,1表示接收缓冲区有数据 | | 0 | IE | 串口中断使能位,0为串口中断禁用,1为串口中断使能 | #### 2.1.2 SBUF寄存器 SBUF寄存器用于存储要发送或接收的数据。其位定义如下: | 位 | 名称 | 功能 | |---|---|---| | 7-0 | SB | 发送/接收数据位 | #### 2.1.3 PCON寄存器 PCON寄存器用于配置串口时钟源。其位定义如下: | 位 | 名称 | 功能 | |---|---|---| | 7 | SMOD | 串口时钟模式选择位,0为串口时钟源为Fosc,1为串口时钟源为Fosc/12 | | 6 | SMOD0 | 串口时钟模式选择位,0为串口时钟源为Fosc,1为串口时钟源为Fosc/12 | ### 2.2 串口通信模式 C51单片机支持三种串口通信模式:全双工模式、半双工模式和单工模式。 #### 2.2.1 全双工模式 全双工模式下,单片机可以同时发送和接收数据。这种模式通常用于双向通信的场景,如单片机与PC机通信。 #### 2.2.2 半双工模式 半双工模式下,单片机只能在特定时刻发送或接收数据。这种模式通常用于单向通信的场景,如单片机与传感器通信。
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Big黄勇

硬件工程师
广州大学计算机硕士,硬件开发资深技术专家,拥有超过10多年的工作经验。曾就职于全球知名的大型科技公司,担任硬件工程师一职。任职期间负责产品的整体架构设计、电路设计、原型制作和测试验证工作。对硬件开发领域有着深入的理解和独到的见解。
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《C51 单片机应用与 C 语言程序设计》专栏深入浅出地介绍了 C51 单片机的各个方面,从入门指南到高级应用。专栏涵盖了寄存器详解、中断机制、定时器应用、串口通信、ADC 应用、PWM 应用、CAN 通信、LCD 显示应用、键盘扫描技术、LED 控制、电机控制、温度测量与控制、红外遥控应用、蓝牙通信、ZigBee 通信和 LoRa 通信等内容。通过深入的原理剖析、实战编程指导和丰富多彩的应用案例,专栏旨在帮助读者快速掌握 C51 单片机的使用,并将其应用于各种实际项目中,打造智能化、交互式和高效的嵌入式系统。

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