MySQL复制技术指南:实现数据冗余和高可用性的实战应用

发布时间: 2024-07-24 03:26:18 阅读量: 17 订阅数: 22
![MySQL复制技术指南:实现数据冗余和高可用性的实战应用](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200413130751166.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzIzOTk0Nzg3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) # 1. MySQL复制概述 MySQL复制是一种数据复制技术,它允许将一个MySQL服务器(主服务器)上的数据复制到另一个或多个MySQL服务器(从服务器)。复制提供了数据冗余和高可用性,并支持读写分离,以提高应用程序性能。 MySQL复制基于二进制日志(binlog)工作,binlog记录了主服务器上对数据库所做的所有更改。从服务器连接到主服务器并从binlog中读取这些更改,然后将其应用到自己的数据库中,从而保持与主服务器的数据一致性。 # 2. MySQL复制原理与配置 ### 2.1 主从复制的原理和架构 MySQL复制是一种将一个数据库(主库)的数据复制到另一个或多个数据库(从库)的技术。它允许从库拥有与主库相同或部分相同的数据,从而实现数据冗余、负载均衡和灾难恢复。 MySQL复制基于二进制日志(binlog)实现。主库将所有修改数据的操作记录到binlog中,从库通过IO线程从主库的binlog中读取这些操作,并通过SQL线程在自己的数据库中执行这些操作,从而实现数据的同步。 主从复制架构如下图所示: ```mermaid graph LR subgraph 主库 A[MySQL数据库] end subgraph 从库1 B[MySQL数据库] end subgraph 从库2 C[MySQL数据库] end A --> B A --> C ``` ### 2.2 复制配置的详细步骤和参数说明 #### 2.2.1 主库配置 1. **开启binlog** ```sql SET GLOBAL binlog_format=ROW; SET GLOBAL binlog_row_image=FULL; ``` 2. **创建复制用户** ```sql CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%'; ``` #### 2.2.2 从库配置 1. **停止从库服务** ``` service mysql stop ``` 2. **修改配置文件** 在`/etc/my.cnf`中添加以下配置: ``` [mysqld] server-id=2 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-do-db=test binlog-ignore-db=information_schema relay-log=mysql-relay-bin master-info-file=/var/lib/mysql/master.info ``` 3. **启动从库服务** ``` service mysql start ``` 4. **连接主库,获取主库信息** ```sql CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.100', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='password', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=4; ``` 5. **启动复制** ```sql START SLAVE; ``` #### 2.2.3 参数说明 | 参数 | 说明 | |---|---| | `binlog_format` | binlog格式,ROW表示记录每一行的变化 | | `binlog_row_image` | binlog记录方式,FULL表示记录每一行变化的完整内容 | | `server-id` | 从库的唯一标识符 | | `log-bin` | 从库的binlog文件名 | | `binlog-do-db` | 从库只复制指定数据库的数据 | | `binlog-ignore-db` |
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LI_李波

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北理工计算机硕士,曾在一家全球领先的互联网巨头公司担任数据库工程师,负责设计、优化和维护公司核心数据库系统,在大规模数据处理和数据库系统架构设计方面颇有造诣。
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欢迎来到 SQL 数据库入门教程专栏!本专栏旨在从零基础到精通,循序渐进地指导您掌握 SQL 数据库的奥秘。从数据类型、约束和操作的基础知识,到 SELECT、WHERE 和 ORDER BY 等查询技巧,再到 INSERT、UPDATE 和 DELETE 等数据操作,您将全面掌握 SQL 数据库的核心概念。此外,专栏还深入探讨了数据聚合函数、子查询、连接查询、索引优化、事务处理、存储过程和函数等高级主题。无论是 MySQL、PostgreSQL 还是其他 SQL 数据库,本专栏都为您提供了全面的入门指南和深入解析,助您轻松驾驭 SQL 数据库,解锁数据分析和管理的强大功能。
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