确保数据完整性和性能:Oracle表空间回滚段管理详解

发布时间: 2024-07-25 17:05:32 阅读量: 20 订阅数: 28
![确保数据完整性和性能:Oracle表空间回滚段管理详解](https://dl-preview.csdnimg.cn/87428843/0004-adc704a7325643f8d377e6021b176dc4_preview-wide.png) # 1. Oracle表空间回滚段概述** Oracle回滚段是数据库中一块特殊的表空间,用于存储事务处理过程中产生的撤销信息。当事务回滚或被中止时,数据库将使用回滚段中的信息来恢复数据到事务开始时的状态。回滚段对于确保数据库数据完整性至关重要,因为它允许数据库在发生错误或故障时撤销未提交的事务。 # 2.1 回滚段的类型和作用 ### 2.1.1 事务回滚和回滚段 事务是数据库中的一组操作,这些操作要么全部成功,要么全部失败。如果事务中的任何一个操作失败,则整个事务将被回滚,数据库将恢复到事务开始前的状态。 回滚段是数据库中的一块特殊区域,用于存储事务回滚所需的信息。当事务开始时,数据库会为该事务分配一个回滚段。事务期间,对数据库所做的任何更改都会记录在回滚段中。如果事务失败,数据库可以使用回滚段中的信息将数据库恢复到事务开始前的状态。 ### 2.1.2 回滚段的分类 Oracle 数据库中的回滚段分为以下两种类型: - **系统回滚段:**由 Oracle 自动创建和管理,用于回滚系统事务。系统回滚段不能被手动创建或删除。 - **用户回滚段:**由用户创建和管理,用于回滚用户事务。用户回滚段可以根据需要创建和删除。 **系统回滚段** 系统回滚段用于回滚系统事务,如: - 创建或删除表空间 - 创建或删除表 - 创建或删除索引 - 修改表结构 **用户回滚段** 用户回滚段用于回滚用户事务,如: - 插入、更新或删除数据 - 创建或删除用户对象 - 提交或回滚事务 用户回滚段可以由用户根据需要创建和删除。用户回滚段的创建和管理将在下一节中详细讨论。 # 3. 回滚段管理实践 ### 3.1 回滚段的创建和管理 #### 3.1.1 创建回滚段 **语法:** ```sql CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment_name [ STORAGE ( INITIAL SIZE initial_size NEXT SIZE next_size MINEXTENTS minextents MAXEXTENTS maxextents PCTINCREASE pctincrease ) ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] [ ONLINE | OFFLINE ] [ WAIT | NOWAIT ] [ DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL SIZE initial_size NEXT SIZE next_size MINEXTENTS minextents MAXEXTENTS maxextents PCTINCREASE pctincrease ) ] [ UNDO TABLESPACE undo_tablespace_name ] [ SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE | DEFERRED ] [ CACHE | NOCACHE ] [ OPTIMIZER_GOAL { ALL_ROWS | FIRST_ROWS(n) } ] [ BUFFER_POOL buffer_pool_name ] [ KEEP | NO KEEP ] [ FORCE LOGGING | NO FORCE LOGGING ] [ READ ONLY | READ WRITE ] [ DATAFILE file_name1, file_name2, ... ] [ BLOCKSIZE block_size ] [ ROW MOVEMENT | NO ROW MOVEMENT ] [ COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS ] [ ENCRYPT | NOENCRYPT ] [ SEGMENT_HEADER segment_header_size ] [ LOB | NOLOG | NOLOGGING ] [ PARALLEL parallel_clause ] [ ADD FILE file_name ] [ DROP FILE file_name ] [ RESIZE file_name new_size ] [ START WITH file_name ] [ NEXT file_name ] [ MAXSIZE size ] [ MINSIZE size ] [ EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL | DICTIONARY | AUTO ]; ``` **参数说明:** * `rollback_segment_name`: 回滚段名称。 * `STORAGE`: 存储参数,指定回滚段的存储属性。 * `TABLESPACE`: 回滚段所在的表空间。 * `ONLINE`: 创建回滚段时使其立即联机。 * `OFFLINE`: 创建回滚段时使其离线。 * `WAIT`: 等待回滚段创建完成。 * `NOWAIT`: 立即返回,不等待回滚段创建完成。 * `DEFAULT STORAGE`: 指定回滚段的默认存储属性。 * `UNDO TABLESPACE`: 指定回滚段所在的撤销表空间。 * `SEGMENT C
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LI_李波

资深数据库专家
北理工计算机硕士,曾在一家全球领先的互联网巨头公司担任数据库工程师,负责设计、优化和维护公司核心数据库系统,在大规模数据处理和数据库系统架构设计方面颇有造诣。
专栏简介
本专栏全面涵盖了 Oracle 数据库表空间管理的各个方面,从基础概念到高级优化技术。它提供了全面的指南,从创建表空间到监控、故障排除和性能优化。通过深入了解表空间管理,读者可以优化数据库性能,提高资源利用率,并确保业务连续性。专栏还探讨了高级主题,如表空间迁移、碎片整理、并行操作和数据文件管理,为数据库管理员提供了全面的资源,以掌握表空间管理的复杂性并优化其数据库环境。
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