PHP+MySQL数据库事务处理全解析:从隔离级别到锁机制,保障数据一致性

发布时间: 2024-07-24 11:27:22 阅读量: 17 订阅数: 21
![PHP+MySQL数据库事务处理全解析:从隔离级别到锁机制,保障数据一致性](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/7b0637957ce340aeb5914d94dd71912c.png) # 1. 数据库事务基础** 数据库事务是一组原子操作,要么全部成功,要么全部失败。事务具有以下特性: - **原子性(Atomicity):**事务中的所有操作要么全部执行成功,要么全部失败回滚。 - **一致性(Consistency):**事务执行前后的数据库状态都满足业务规则。 - **隔离性(Isolation):**并发执行的事务彼此独立,不会相互影响。 - **持久性(Durability):**一旦事务提交,其对数据库的修改将永久保存,即使系统发生故障。 # 2. PHP+MySQL事务处理 ### 2.1 事务的特性和隔离级别 #### 2.1.1 事务的特性 事务具有四大特性,即**原子性(Atomicity)**、**一致性(Consistency)**、**隔离性(Isolation)**和**持久性(Durability)**,简称ACID。 - **原子性:**事务中的所有操作要么全部成功,要么全部失败。 - **一致性:**事务执行前后,数据库的状态必须保持一致,即满足业务规则。 - **隔离性:**多个事务并发执行时,彼此之间互不影响,就像在各自独立的环境中执行一样。 - **持久性:**一旦事务提交成功,其对数据库所做的修改将永久保存,即使系统发生故障也不会丢失。 #### 2.1.2 MySQL的隔离级别 MySQL支持四种隔离级别,分别为: | 隔离级别 | 说明 | |---|---| | **读未提交** | 事务可以读取其他事务未提交的数据,但可能会出现脏读现象。 | | **读已提交** | 事务只能读取其他事务已提交的数据,避免了脏读,但可能会出现不可重复读现象。 | | **可重复读** | 事务在执行过程中,不会被其他事务提交的修改所影响,避免了不可重复读,但可能会出现幻读现象。 | | **串行化** | 事务串行执行,完全避免了脏读、不可重复读和幻读现象,但会严重影响并发性能。 | ### 2.2 事务操作语句 #### 2.2.1 开始事务 ```php mysqli_begin_transaction($link); ``` 开始一个事务,`$link`为数据库连接资源。 #### 2.2.2 提交事务 ```php mysqli_commit($link); ``` 提交事务,将事务中所做的修改永久保存到数据库中。 #### 2.2.3 回滚事务 ```php mysqli_rollback($link); ``` 回滚事务,撤销事务中所做的所有修改。 ### 2.3 事务控制函数 #### 2.3.1 mysqli_autocommit() ```php mysqli_autocommit($link, $mode); ``` 设置事务的自动提交模式。`$link`为数据库连接资源,`$mode`为布尔值,`true`表示自动提交,`false`表示手动提交。 #### 2.3.2 mysqli_commit() ```php mysqli_commit($link); ``` 提交事务,将事务中所做的修改永久保存到数据库中。 #### 2.3.3 mysqli_rollback() ```php mysqli_rollback($link); ``` 回滚事务,撤销事务中所做的所有修改。 # 3.1 锁的类型和特点 MySQL锁机制分为表级锁和行级锁两种类型,每种锁类型
corwn 最低0.47元/天 解锁专栏
送3个月
profit 百万级 高质量VIP文章无限畅学
profit 千万级 优质资源任意下载
profit C知道 免费提问 ( 生成式Al产品 )

相关推荐

LI_李波

资深数据库专家
北理工计算机硕士,曾在一家全球领先的互联网巨头公司担任数据库工程师,负责设计、优化和维护公司核心数据库系统,在大规模数据处理和数据库系统架构设计方面颇有造诣。
专栏简介
本专栏深入探讨了 PHP 和 MySQL 数据库读取性能优化。从分析慢查询到实施索引和缓存,提供了全面的指南,帮助提升网站加载速度。此外,还深入分析了表锁和死锁问题,并提供了解决方案,以避免并发难题和系统瘫痪。专栏还涵盖了数据库连接池、备份与恢复、监控与报警、安全加固、性能测试与分析、迁移、分库分表、高可用架构和读写分离等重要主题。通过这些优化策略,网站开发者可以显著提升数据库读取性能,打造高性能、响应迅速的网站。

专栏目录

最低0.47元/天 解锁专栏
送3个月
百万级 高质量VIP文章无限畅学
千万级 优质资源任意下载
C知道 免费提问 ( 生成式Al产品 )

最新推荐

Styling Scrollbars in Qt Style Sheets: Detailed Examples on Beautifying Scrollbar Appearance with QSS

# Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Scrollbar Beautification with Qt Style Sheets ## 1.1 The Importance of Scrollbars in Qt Interface Design As a frequently used interactive element in Qt interface design, scrollbars play a crucial role in displaying a vast amount of information within limited space. In

Installing and Optimizing Performance of NumPy: Optimizing Post-installation Performance of NumPy

# 1. Introduction to NumPy NumPy, short for Numerical Python, is a Python library used for scientific computing. It offers a powerful N-dimensional array object, along with efficient functions for array operations. NumPy is widely used in data science, machine learning, image processing, and scient

Technical Guide to Building Enterprise-level Document Management System using kkfileview

# 1.1 kkfileview Technical Overview kkfileview is a technology designed for file previewing and management, offering rapid and convenient document browsing capabilities. Its standout feature is the support for online previews of various file formats, such as Word, Excel, PDF, and more—allowing user

Expert Tips and Secrets for Reading Excel Data in MATLAB: Boost Your Data Handling Skills

# MATLAB Reading Excel Data: Expert Tips and Tricks to Elevate Your Data Handling Skills ## 1. The Theoretical Foundations of MATLAB Reading Excel Data MATLAB offers a variety of functions and methods to read Excel data, including readtable, importdata, and xlsread. These functions allow users to

Analyzing Trends in Date Data from Excel Using MATLAB

# Introduction ## 1.1 Foreword In the current era of information explosion, vast amounts of data are continuously generated and recorded. Date data, as a significant part of this, captures the changes in temporal information. By analyzing date data and performing trend analysis, we can better under

Statistical Tests for Model Evaluation: Using Hypothesis Testing to Compare Models

# Basic Concepts of Model Evaluation and Hypothesis Testing ## 1.1 The Importance of Model Evaluation In the fields of data science and machine learning, model evaluation is a critical step to ensure the predictive performance of a model. Model evaluation involves not only the production of accura

PyCharm Python Version Management and Version Control: Integrated Strategies for Version Management and Control

# Overview of Version Management and Version Control Version management and version control are crucial practices in software development, allowing developers to track code changes, collaborate, and maintain the integrity of the codebase. Version management systems (like Git and Mercurial) provide

Image Processing and Computer Vision Techniques in Jupyter Notebook

# Image Processing and Computer Vision Techniques in Jupyter Notebook ## Chapter 1: Introduction to Jupyter Notebook ### 2.1 What is Jupyter Notebook Jupyter Notebook is an interactive computing environment that supports code execution, text writing, and image display. Its main features include: -

Parallelization Techniques for Matlab Autocorrelation Function: Enhancing Efficiency in Big Data Analysis

# 1. Introduction to Matlab Autocorrelation Function The autocorrelation function is a vital analytical tool in time-domain signal processing, capable of measuring the similarity of a signal with itself at varying time lags. In Matlab, the autocorrelation function can be calculated using the `xcorr

[Frontier Developments]: GAN's Latest Breakthroughs in Deepfake Domain: Understanding Future AI Trends

# 1. Introduction to Deepfakes and GANs ## 1.1 Definition and History of Deepfakes Deepfakes, a portmanteau of "deep learning" and "fake", are technologically-altered images, audio, and videos that are lifelike thanks to the power of deep learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs

专栏目录

最低0.47元/天 解锁专栏
送3个月
百万级 高质量VIP文章无限畅学
千万级 优质资源任意下载
C知道 免费提问 ( 生成式Al产品 )