单片机C51程序设计:串口通信深度解析,数据传输不再是难题

发布时间: 2024-07-07 01:33:52 阅读量: 43 订阅数: 49
![单片机C51程序设计:串口通信深度解析,数据传输不再是难题](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170831104559589?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvcXFfMzcwNjk1NjM=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center) # 1. 单片机C51简介** C51单片机是一种8位微控制器,由英特尔公司开发。它基于哈佛架构,具有独立的程序存储器和数据存储器。C51单片机广泛用于嵌入式系统中,如工业控制、医疗设备和消费电子产品。 C51单片机具有以下特点: * 8位数据总线 * 16位地址总线 * 4K字节程序存储器 * 128字节数据存储器 * 32个可编程I/O引脚 * 串口、定时器和中断控制器等外围设备 # 2.1 串口通信原理 ### 串口通信的概念 串口通信是一种异步串行通信方式,它通过一根或多根导线将两个或多个设备连接起来,实现数据的单向或双向传输。串口通信的优点在于其简单、成本低廉,适用于各种嵌入式系统和工业控制领域。 ### 串口通信的物理层 串口通信的物理层负责数据的传输和接收,包括以下关键组件: - **发送器 (TX)**:将数据从发送设备转换为电信号,并将其发送到传输线路上。 - **接收器 (RX)**:将传输线路上接收到的电信号转换为数据,并将其提供给接收设备。 - **传输线**:连接发送器和接收器的物理介质,通常为双绞线或光纤。 ### 串口通信的协议层 串口通信的协议层负责定义数据传输的规则和格式,包括以下关键要素: - **波特率**:数据传输速率,单位为比特/秒 (bps)。 - **数据位**:每个字符包含的数据位数,通常为 5、6、7 或 8 位。 - **停止位**:在每个字符传输结束后发送的停止位数,通常为 1 或 2 位。 - **奇偶校验**:用于检测数据传输错误的校验机制,包括奇校验、偶校验和无校验。 ### 串口通信的时序关系 串口通信的时序关系由以下关键参数定义: - **起始位**:一个低电平信号,表示字符传输的开始。 - **数据位**:包含数据的位,按约定顺序传输。 - **停止位**:一个高电平信号,表示字符传输的结束。 ### 串口通信的传输模式 串口通信支持以下两种传输模式: - **全双工模式**:允许设备同时发送和接收数据。 - **半双工模式**:一次只能有一个设备发送或接收数据。 # 3. C51单片机串口编程 ### 3.1 串口初始化 串口初始化是串口通信的第一步,它负责配置串口硬件和设置通信参数。C51单片机中,串口初始化通常通过寄存器设置来完成。 **步骤:** 1. **设置波特率:** - 波特率寄存器(SCON):设置波特率的低4位。 - 波特率发生器寄存器(PCON):设置波特率的高2位。 2. **设置数据格式:** - SCON寄存器:设置数据位(DB)、奇偶校验(SM0、SM1)和停止位(TB)。 3. **设置中断使能:** - IE寄存器:使能串口接收中断(ES)。 4. **设置串口模式:** - SCON寄存器:设置串口模式(REN、TI、RI)。 **示例代码:** ```c #include <reg51.h> void serial_init(void ```
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专栏“单片机应用及C51程序设计”是一份全面的指南,专为希望掌握单片机C51程序设计的初学者和经验丰富的开发人员而设计。专栏涵盖了从入门指南到深入解析的广泛主题,包括实战案例、常见问题解答、内存优化、中断处理、定时器应用、PID控制、LCD显示、键盘输入、传感器应用、电机控制、PWM技术、I2C通信和CAN通信。通过一系列详细的文章,该专栏旨在帮助读者从基础知识到高级概念,掌握单片机C51程序设计的方方面面,并为他们提供在实际项目中应用这些知识的实践指南。

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