8088_8086存储器系统:内存管理与扩展技术
发布时间: 2024-01-13 23:44:10 阅读量: 63 订阅数: 21
# 1. Intel 8088和8086处理器简介
### 1.1 Intel 8088和8086处理器的历史发展
The Intel 8088 and 8086 processors were introduced in the late 1970s by Intel Corporation. These processors marked a significant milestone in the development of x86 architecture. The 8088 and 8086 were the first 16-bit processors produced by Intel, setting the foundation for future x86-based systems.
### 1.2 8088和8086处理器的基本架构
The architecture of the 8088 and 8086 processors is based on the Von Neumann architecture, which includes a central processing unit (CPU), memory, and various input and output devices. The CPUs of both processors consist of several functional units, including the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit (CU), and registers.
### 1.3 8088和8086处理器的存储器管理特性介绍
The 8088 and 8086 processors have a sophisticated memory management system that allows efficient access to various types of memory. They support a 20-bit physical address space, allowing for a maximum memory size of 1 MB. The memory is divided into segments, with a segment size of 64 KB, and each segment is further divided into 16-byte paragraphs.
The processors use a segmented memory model, where each memory access is specified using both a segment selector and an offset within that segment. This allows for flexible memory allocation and efficient memory access. The processors also provide various instructions and addressing modes for effective memory management.
In the next chapter, we will explore the components and structure of the storage system used by the 8088 and 8086 processors.
# 2. 8088和8086的使用的存储器系统
在本章中,我们将深入讨论8088和8086的存储器系统,包括存储器系统的组成和结构、存储器的类型和特性,以及存储器容量的限制与扩展技术的需求。让我们一起来了解这些内容。
### 2.1 8088和8086存储器系统的组成和结构
8088和8086处理器使用了复杂的存储器系统来存储和访问数据。其存储器系统由主存储器(RAM)、高速缓存(Cache)和周边设备(如硬盘、光驱等)组成。
主存储器即随机访问存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM),其用于存储程序和数据。8088处理器的主存储器容量为64KB,而8086处理器的主存储器容量为1MB。主存储器的每个存储单元都有唯一的地址,可以被处理器直接访问。
高速缓存是为了提高处理器访问速度而设计的一种特殊存储器,其容量较小但速度非常快。8088和8086处理器都具有高速缓存,用于存储最经常访问的数据和指令,以提高处理器对存储器的访问效率。
周边设备是指与处理器相连的外部设备,如硬盘、光驱、外设等。它们与主存储器通过输入输出(IO)操作相互通信,实现数据的读写和处理。
### 2.2 存储器的类型和特性
8088和8086处理器支持多种类型的存储器,包括随机访问存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)和可编程只读存储器(EPROM)等。
RAM是一种易失性存储器,即当电源关闭时,其中的数据会丢失。RAM可以反复读写,适用于存储程序和数据。
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