单片机C语言串口通信:数据传输与设备交互的桥梁

发布时间: 2024-07-08 18:22:47 阅读量: 41 订阅数: 46
![单片机C语言串口通信:数据传输与设备交互的桥梁](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d21ab4faf7824eaa8081e666aa11d550.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5b6u6aOO5ouC6L-H44CC,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16) # 1. 单片机C语言串口通信概述** 串口通信是一种广泛应用于单片机系统中的数据传输方式,它通过串行通信接口实现数据在不同设备之间的传输。在单片机C语言编程中,串口通信通常使用UART(通用异步收发器/发送器)模块进行实现。 串口通信的特点包括: - **异步通信:**数据传输不依赖于时钟信号,发送方和接收方可以独立工作。 - **半双工通信:**一次只能有一个设备发送或接收数据,不能同时进行。 - **低速率:**相对于并行通信,串口通信的数据传输速率较低。 串口通信在单片机系统中有着广泛的应用,例如: - 与PC机或其他外部设备进行数据交换 - 与传感器或其他外部模块进行通信 - 实现设备之间的控制和数据采集 # 2.1 串口通信的基本原理 ### 2.1.1 串行通信与并行通信 **串行通信**是一种将数据按位逐个发送和接收的通信方式,而**并行通信**则是将数据按字节或字的方式同时发送和接收。串行通信的优点是只需要一根信号线,而并行通信需要多根信号线,因此串行通信的成本更低,也更适合远距离通信。 ### 2.1.2 串口通信的时序和帧格式 串口通信的时序由**波特率**和**数据位**决定。波特率表示每秒传输的比特数,数据位表示每个数据帧中包含的数据位数。常见的波特率有 9600、19200、38400、57600 和 115200。常见的数据位数有 5、6、7 和 8。 串口通信的帧格式通常包括以下部分: - **起始位:**一个低电平的起始位,表示数据帧的开始。 - **数据位:**数据位包含实际要传输的数据,每个数据位表示一个比特。 - **奇偶校验位:**奇偶校验位用于校验数据传输的正确性,可以是奇校验或偶校验。 - **停止位:**一个或多个高电平的停止位,表示数据帧的结束。 **代码块:** ```c #define BAUD_RATE 9600 #define DATA_BITS 8 #define PARITY_BIT PARITY_NONE #define STOP_BITS 1 void uart_init(void) { // 设置波特率 UBRR0H = (uint8_t)(BAUD_RATE >> 8); UBRR0L = (uint8_t)BAUD_RATE; // 设置数据位、奇偶校验位和停止位 UCSR0C = (DATA_BITS << UCSZ00) | (PARITY_BIT << UPM00) | (STOP_BITS << USBS0); // 启用串口接收和发送 UCSR0B |= (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0); } ``` **逻辑分析:** 该代码块初始化了串口,设置了波特率、数据位、奇偶校验位和停止位。然后启用了串口接收和发送功能。 **参数说明:** - `BAUD_RATE`:波特率,单位为比特/秒。 - `DATA_BITS`:数据位数,可以是 5、6、7 或 8。 - `PARITY_BIT`:奇偶校验位,可以是 `PARITY_NONE`、`PARITY_ODD` 或 `PARITY_EVEN`。 - `STOP_BITS`:停止位数,可以是 1 或 2。 # 3. 串口通信软件编程 ### 3.1 串口通信初始化和配置 #### 3.1.1 初始化串口寄存器 串口通信初始化主要涉及配置串口寄存器,以设置波特率、数据格式、停止位和校验位等参数。以下代码展示了串口初始化过程: ```c // 初始化串口 void uart_init(void) { // 设置波特率为 9600bps UCSR0A |= (1 << U2X0); UBRR0H = 0x00; UBRR0L = 0x33; // 设置数据格式为 8 位、无校验、1 个停止位 UCSR0C |= (1 << UCSZ01) | (1 << UCSZ00); UCSR0C &= ~(1 << UPM01) & ~(1 << UPM00) & ~(1 << USBS0); // 使能串口接收和发送 UCSR0B |= (1 << RX ```
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本专栏专为零基础学习单片机 C 语言程序设计的读者而设。它从入门基础知识入手,循序渐进地介绍了单片机 C 语言编程的精髓,包括控制语句、函数、数组和指针、中断机制、串口通信、I/O 操作、定时器应用、ADC 和 DAC、PWM 技术、Wi-Fi 通信、嵌入式操作系统和实时操作系统。此外,专栏还提供了单片机 C 语言开发环境的选择指南,帮助读者了解 IDE 和编译器的利弊。通过本专栏的学习,读者将掌握单片机 C 语言编程的各个方面,为深入探索单片机应用奠定坚实的基础。
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