AS3990/3991 UHF RFID芯片详解：集成读取器解决方案

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"射频识别（RFID）技术的专用芯片AS3990/3991是一款高度集成的模拟前端和协议处理系统，适用于900MHz RFID阅读器系统，兼容EPC Class 1 Gen 2标准以及ISO18000-6C。这款芯片具备内置编程选项，可适应广泛的UHF RFID应用需求。" 正文：射频识别（RFID）技术在自动化数据采集、物品追踪和供应链管理等领域有着广泛的应用。AS3990/3991是专门设计用于UHF RFID系统的单芯片读卡器，能够提供高效且灵活的解决方案。芯片的集成度高，包含了一个模拟前端和协议处理系统，使其能够在900MHz频率范围内工作，符合EPC Class 1 Generation 2和ISO18000-6C的标准。该芯片的一大特点在于其内置的编程选项，这使得它可以根据不同的应用需求进行配置和优化。通过控制寄存器，用户可以设定所需的通信协议，并对不同阅读器参数进行微调，以适应各种环境和条件。此外，AS3990/3991提供了并行或串行接口，使得主机系统（MCU）与读卡器IC之间的通信更加灵活。在数据传输方面，AS3990/3991采用24字节的FIFO（先进先出）寄存器，当硬件编码器和解码器被用于传输和接收数据时，数据可以通过FIFO进行交换。如果选择直接传输或接收，编码器和解码器可以被旁路，允许主机系统实时处理模拟前端的数据。在发射端，AS3990/3991能够生成高达20dBm的输出功率到50Ω负载，并支持ASK（幅度键控）或PR-ASK（脉冲幅度调制）调制方式，这使得它可以适应各种调制需求，以有效地与RFID标签进行通信。同时，集成的电源管理功能确保了设备在提供强大性能的同时，也能保持能源效率。 AS3990/3991芯片为UHF RFID系统提供了高性能、低功耗且易于配置的解决方案。无论是物流追踪、资产管理和库存控制，还是零售业的无接触支付应用，这款芯片都能够提供可靠的性能支持，帮助开发者和制造商构建高效的RFID系统。

www.austriamicrosystems.com Revision 3.8 9 - 51

AS3990/AS3991

Data Sheet - Electrical Characteristics

6 Electrical Characteristics

VEXT = 5.3V, typical values at 25ºC, unless otherwise noted.

Table 3. Electrical Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

VEXT

Supply current without PA

driver current

EXT

Consumption

80 mA

VEXT

VEXT2

Supply Current for AS3991 and

internal PA

1. Internal PA is available on AS3991only.

EXT2

Consumption,

EXT2

= 2.5V

310 mA

STBY

Standby current 3 mA

Supply current in power-down

mode

All system disabled including

supply voltage regulators

20 100

µA

210

AGD

AGD voltage 1.5 1.6 1.7 V

POR

Power on reset voltage (POR) 1.4 2.0 2.5 V

VDD

Regulated supply for internal

circuitry and for external MCU

3.2 3.4 3.6 V

DD RF

Regulated supply for internal

1.9 2 2.1 V

VDD MIX1

Regulated supply for mixers, bit

vext_low=L

The difference between the

external supply and the regulated

voltage is higher than 250mV

4.5 4.8 5.1 V

VDD MIX2

Regulated supply for mixers, bit

vext_low=H

The difference between the

external supply and the regulated

voltage is higher than 250mV

3.5 3.7 3.9 V

PSSR

Rejection of external supply

noise on the supply regulators

The difference between the

external supply and the regulated

voltage is higher than 250mV

26 dB

RFAUX

Auxiliary output power 0 dBm

RFOUT

Internal PA output power

20 dBm

RFIN

RFIN input resistance 100 Ω

SENS

Input sensitivity -66 dBm

1dB

Input 1dB compression point 10 dBm

IP3 Third order intercept point 21 dBm

REC

Recovery time after modulation Maximum LF selected 10 µs

Logic Input/Output

Max. CLK frequency 1 MHz

LOW

Input logic low 0.2

DD_IO

HIGH

Input logic high 0.8

DD_IO

Output resistance IO0…IO7 low_io = H for VDD_IO<2.7V 400 800 Ω

CL SYS

Output resistance CL SYS low_io = H for VDD_IO<2.7V 200 Ω

www.austriamicrosystems.com Revision 3.8 11 - 51

AS3990/AS3991

Data Sheet - Detailed Description

7 Detailed Description

The RFID reader IC comprises complete analog and digital functionality for reader operation including transmitter and

receiver section with complete EPC Gen2 or ISO18000-6C digital protocol support. To integrate as many components

as possible, the device also comprises an on-board PLL section with integrated VCO, supply section, DAC and ADC

section, and host interface section. In order to cover a wide range of possibilities, there is also Configuration registers

section that configures operation of all blocks.

For operation, the device needs to be correctly supplied via. VEXT and VEXT2 pins and enabled via. EN pin (Refer

Supply on page 11 for connecting to supply and Power Modes on page 12 about operation of the EN pin). At power-up

the configuration registers are preset to a default operation mode. The preset values are described in the Configuration

Registers Address Space on page 23 below each register description table. It is possible to access and change

registers to choose other options.

The communication between the reader and the transponder follows the reader talk first method. After power-up and

configuring IC, the host system starts communication by turning on the RF field by setting option bit rf_on in the ‘Chip

status control register’ (00) (see Table 13) and transmitting the first protocol command (Select in EPC Gen2).

Transmitting and receiving is possible in the following two modes:

1. Normal Data Mode: In this mode, the TX and RX data is transferred through the FIFO register and all protocol

data processing is done internally.

2. Direct Data Mode: In this mode, the data processing is done by the host system.

Supply

The effective supply system of the chip decreases the influence of the supply noise and interference and thus

improves de-coupling between different building blocks. A set of 3.4V regulators is used for supplying the reference

block, AD and DA converters, low frequency receiver cells, the RF part, and digital part. It is possible to use the digital

part supply VDD_D for supplying the external MCU with a current consumption up to 20mA. The input pin for the

regulators is VEXT. The output pins for regulators are VDD_A, VDD_LF, VDD_D, VDD_RFP and VDD_B. Each of the

pins require stabilizing capacitors to connected ground (2.2…10µF and 10…100nF) in parallel. Depending on quality

of the capacitors, 100pF could be required.

Figure 3. Mixer Supply

An additional 4.8V regulator is used for the input RF mixers supply. The input of this regulator is VEXT, output is

VDD_MIX pin. For correct operation of the 4.8V regulator, the VEXT voltage needs to be between 5.3V and 5.5V.

VDD_MIX needs de-coupling capacitors to VDD_MIX like other VDD pins.

VDD_MIX

VDD_5LFI

VDD_TXPAB

CBV5

COMP_A

COMP_B

COMN_A

COMN_B

Mixer

LDO

VEXT

receive

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