PMBOK®指南第五版：项目管理知识体系详解

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"A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) - Fifth Edition 是一本由Project Management Institute (PMI) 出版的项目管理权威指南，旨在提供项目管理的最佳实践和标准。该书详细阐述了项目管理的知识体系，并在其中涵盖了项目管理的专业术语、过程和工具。" 《PMBOK® 指南》第五版是全球项目管理专业人士的重要参考书籍，它定义了项目管理的核心知识领域和五个过程组（启动、规划、执行、监控和收尾）以及十个知识领域（整合管理、范围管理、时间管理、成本管理、质量管理、人力资源管理、沟通管理、风险管理、采购管理和干系人管理）。以下是对这些关键概念的详细解释： 1. **整合管理**：这个领域强调确保所有项目组成部分相互协调，以实现项目的整体目标。 2. **范围管理**：包括定义项目范围、创建工作分解结构（WBS）、确认和控制范围的过程，确保项目只做必要的工作。 3. **时间管理**：涉及活动定义、排序、估算持续时间、制定进度计划和控制进度，确保项目按时完成。 4. **成本管理**：涵盖预算编制、成本估算、成本控制，确保项目在预算内完成。 5. **质量管理**：包括质量规划、质量保证和质量控制，确保项目产品或服务满足既定的质量标准。 6. **人力资源管理**：涉及团队组建、资源分配、绩效评估和团队发展，以提升团队效率。 7. **沟通管理**：关注信息的收集、发布、控制和管理，确保项目团队和干系人之间的有效沟通。 8. **风险管理**：包括风险识别、风险分析、风险应对规划和风险监控，降低潜在威胁对项目的影响。 9. **采购管理**：涵盖选择供应商、合同管理及合同终止等，确保外部资源的有效利用。 10. **干系人管理**：强调识别、分析、规划、执行和控制干系人的参与，以促进他们的支持和满意度。该指南还引入了项目管理的专业术语，如“变更请求”、“工作授权系统”、“挣值管理”等，以及推荐使用的工具和技术，如甘特图、网络图、蒙特卡洛模拟等。此外，PMBOK® 指南还强调了项目管理中的道德和职业行为，以及持续的职业发展的重要性。对于希望获得PMP（项目管理专业）认证的人来说，理解并掌握PMBOK® 指南的内容至关重要，因为它是考试的基础。同时，本书也适用于任何希望提高项目管理水平的企业和个人，无论他们是否追求认证。通过遵循PMBOK® 指南中的最佳实践，项目团队可以更有效地规划、执行和控制项目，从而提高成功概率。

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XII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 4-2. Develop Project Charter: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs .............................66

Figure 4-3. Develop Project Charter Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................67

Figure 4-3. Develop Project Charter Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................72

Figure 4-5. Develop Project Management Plan Data Flow Diagram ..................................................73

Figure 4-6. Direct and Manage Project Work: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs ............... 79

Figure 4-7. Direct and Manage Project Work: Data Flow Diagram .....................................................80

Figure 4-8. Monitor and Control Project Work: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................. 86

Figure 4-9. Monitor and Control Project Work Data Flow Diagram ....................................................87

Figure 4-10. Perform Integrated Change Control: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..............94

Figure 4-11. Perform Integrated Change Control Data Flow Diagram..................................................95

Figure 4-12. Close Project or Phase: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................. 100

Figure 4-13. Close Project or Phase Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................101

Figure 5-1. Project Scope Management Overview ............................................................................106

Figure 5-2. Plan Scope Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................107

Figure 5-3. Plan Scope Management Data Flow Diagram ................................................................107

Figure 5-4. Collect Requirements: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................111

Figure 5-5. Collect Requirements Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................111

Figure 5-6. Example of a Requirements Traceability Matrix .............................................................119

Figure 5-7. Define Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................120

Figure 5-8. Define Scope Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................120

Figure 5-9. Create WBS: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................................125

Figure 5-10. Create WBS Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................... 126

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XIII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 5-11. Sample WBS Decomposed Down Through Work Packages ........................................... 129

Figure 5-12. Sample WBS Organized by Phase ...................................................................................130

Figure 5-13. Sample WBS with Major Deliverables .............................................................................130

Figure 5-14. Validate Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................133

Figure 5-15. Validate Scope Data Flow Diagram .................................................................................133

Figure 5-16. Control Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................................... 136

Figure 5-17. Control Scope Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................................137

Figure 6-1. Project Time Management Overview ..............................................................................143

Figure 6-2. Scheduling Overview .......................................................................................................144

Figure 6-3. Plan Schedule Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 145

Figure 6-4. Plan Schedule Management Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................145

Figure 6-5. Define Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........................................149

Figure 6-6. Define Activities Data Flow Diagram ..............................................................................150

Figure 6-7. Sequence Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .....................................153

Figure 6-8. Sequence Activities Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................... 154

Figure 6-9. Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) Relationship Types ......................................157

Figure 6-10. Examples of Lead and Lag ..............................................................................................158

Figure 6-11. Project Schedule Network Diagram ................................................................................160

Figure 6-12. Estimate Activity Resources: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 161

Figure 6-13. Estimate Activity Resources Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................161

Figure 6-14. Estimate Activity Durations: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .........................166

Figure 6-15. Estimate Activity Durations Data Flow Diagram ............................................................166

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XIV

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 6-16 Develop Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................173

Figure 6-17. Develop Schedule Data Flow Diagram ............................................................................ 173

Figure 6-18. Example of Critical Path Method ..................................................................................... 177

Figure 6-19. Example of Critical Chain Method ................................................................................... 178

Figure 6-20. Resource Leveling ...........................................................................................................179

Figure 6-21. Project Schedule Presentations —Examples .................................................................183

Figure 6-22. Control Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................................... 185

Figure 6-23. Control Schedule Data Flow Diagram .............................................................................186

Figure 7-1. Project Cost Management Overview ............................................................................... 194

Figure 7-2. Plan Cost Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 195

Figure 7-3. Plan Cost Management: Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................196

Figure 7-4. Estimate Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................200

Figure 7-5. Estimate Costs Data Flow Diagram.................................................................................201

Figure 7-6. Determine Budget: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................208

Figure 7-7. Determine Budget Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................................209

Figure 7-8. Project Budget Components ............................................................................................ 213

Figure 7-9. Cost Baseline, Expenditures, and Funding Requirements .............................................214

Figure 7-10. Control Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................ 215

Figure 7-11. Control Costs Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................215

Figure 7-12. Earned Value, Planned Value, and Actual Costs .............................................................219

Figure 7-13. To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI) ..........................................................................222

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 8-1. Project Quality Management Overview ...........................................................................230

Figure 8-2. Fundamental Relationships of Quality Assurance and Control Quality to the IPECC,

PDCA, Cost of Quality Models and Project Management Process Groups.....................231

Figure 8-3. Plan Quality Management Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................232

Figure 8-4. Plan Quality Management Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................232

Figure 8-5. Cost of Quality .................................................................................................................. 235

Figure 8-6. The SIPOC Model .............................................................................................................. 237

Figure 8-7. Storyboard Illustrating a Conceptual Example of Each of the Seven

Basic Quality Tools ..........................................................................................................239

Figure 8-8. Perform Quality Assurance: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................... 243

Figure 8-9. Perform Quality Assurance Data Flow Diagram .............................................................243

Figure 8-10. Storyboard Illustrating the Seven Quality Management and Control Tools ..................246

Figure 8-11. Control Quality: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................249

Figure 8-12. Control Quality Data Flow Diagram ................................................................................. 249

Figure 9-1. Project Human Resource Management Overview ..........................................................257

Figure 9-2. Plan Human Resource Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........258

Figure 9-3. Plan Human Resource Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................258

Figure 9-4. Roles and Responsibility Definition Formats ..................................................................261

Figure 9-5. RACI Matrix ......................................................................................................................262

Figure 9-6. Illustrative Resource Histogram......................................................................................266

Figure 9-7. Acquire Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................... 267

Figure 9-8. Acquire Project Team Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................268

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XVI

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 9-9. Develop Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................273

Figure 9-10. Develop Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................273

Figure 9-11. Manage Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................279

Figure 9-12. Manage Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................280

Figure 10-1. Project Communications Management Overview ..........................................................288

Figure 10-2. Plan Communications Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........289

Figure 10-3. Plan Communications Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................289

Figure 10-4. Basic Communication Model ..........................................................................................294

Figure 10-5. Manage Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................ 297

Figure 10-6. Manage Communications Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................298

Figure 10-7. Control Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................303

Figure 10-8. Control Communications Data Flow Diagram ................................................................304

Figure 11-1. Project Risk Management Overview ...............................................................................312

Figure 11-2. Plan Risk Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 313

Figure 11-3. Plan Risk Management Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................313

Figure 11-4. Example of a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)..............................................................317

Figure 11-5. Identify Risks: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...............................................319

Figure 11-6. Identify Risks Data Flow Diagram...................................................................................320

Figure 11-7. Influence Diagram ...........................................................................................................326

Figure 11-8. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............... 328

Figure 11-9. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis Data Flow Diagram ..................................................328

Figure 11-10. Probability and Impact Matrix.........................................................................................331

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This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

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