使用Python创造自己的电脑游戏

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"Invent_Your_Own_Computer_Games_with_Python" 《Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python》是一本面向初学者的Python编程书籍，旨在帮助读者通过编写游戏来学习Python语言。这本书由Albert Sweigart创作，并在2008年和2009年出版。它遵循一种浅显易懂、深入浅出的教学方式，让编程新手能够轻松入门。该书的内容覆盖了Python编程的基础知识，包括语法、控制结构（如条件语句和循环）、函数、模块以及数据结构等。作者可能通过实际的游戏开发案例，讲解了如何利用Python来设计和实现简单的计算机游戏，如文字冒险游戏、猜数字游戏等，让学习过程更加有趣和实践性。此外，这本书遵循了Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License（美国创意共享署名-非商业性-相同方式共享3.0许可协议）。这意味着读者可以自由地复制、分发、展示和表演这部作品，甚至可以基于原始作品创作衍生作品，但必须在使用时给予作者适当的署名，并且不能用于商业目的。如果修改或扩展了原始作品，新作品也必须同样遵循这个许可协议。为了尊重作者的权益，读者在引用或摘录本书内容时，需要明确注明作品的标题和作者姓名。同时，读者的合理使用权利和其他相关权益不受此许可协议的影响。对于更详细的法律条款，可以参考Creative Commons提供的法律代码。《Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python》是学习Python编程的一个宝贵资源，它不仅教授编程基础知识，还通过实践性的游戏开发项目激发学习者的兴趣，帮助他们在娱乐中掌握编程技能。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅可以学习Python语言，还能了解到软件开发的基本流程和思维方式，对于想要踏入编程领域的初学者来说，是一本不可多得的启蒙读物。

and just accept the choices in the installer as you go (no need to make any changes). When the install is

finished, click Finish.

Important Note! Be sure to install Python 3, and not Python 2. The programs in this book use Python 3,

and you'll get errors if you try to run them with Python 2. (Although you will later install Python 2 to run the

graphical Pygame games in the last four chapters of this book.)

The installation for Mac OS is similar. Instead of downloading the .msi file from the Python website,

download the .dmg Mac Installer Disk Image file instead. The link to this file will look something like "Mac

Installer disk image (3.1.1)" on the "Download Python Software" web page.

If your operating system is Ubuntu, you can install Python by opening a terminal window (click on

Applications > Accessories > Terminal) and entering sudo apt-get install python3 then pressing

Enter. You will need to enter the root password to install Python, so ask the person who owns the computer to

type in this password.

There may be a newer version of Python available than 3.1. If so, then just download the latest version.

The game programs in this book will work just the same. If you have any problems, you can always Google

for "installing Python on <your operating system's name>". Python is a very popular language, so you should

have no difficulty finding help.

Starting Python

If your operating system is Windows XP, you should be able to run Python by choosing Start > Programs

> Python 3.x > IDLE (Python GUI). When it's running it should looking something like Figure 1-2. (But

different operating systems will look slightly different.)

Fig 1-2: The IDLE program's interactive shell on Windows.

IDLE stands for Interactive DeveLopment Environment. The development environment is software that

makes it easy to write Python programs. We will be using IDLE to type in our programs and run them.

The window that appears when you first run IDLE is called the interactive shell. A shell is a program that

lets you type instructions into the computer. The Python shell lets you type Python instructions, and the shell

sends these instructions to software called the Python interpreter to perform. We can type Python instructions

into the shell and, because the shell is interactive, the computer will read our instructions and respond in

some way. (Ideally in a way that we expect but that will depend on whether we write the correct instructions.)

How to Use This Book

There are a few things you should understand about this book before you get started. "Invent with Python"

is different from other programming books because it focuses on the complete source code for different

games. Instead of teaching you programming concepts and leaving it up to you to figure out how to make fun

games with those concepts, this book shows you fun games and then explains how they are put together.

The Featured Programs

Most chapters begin with a sample run of the featured program. This sample run shows you what the

program's output looks like, with responses from the user in bold print. This will give you an idea of what the

complete game will look like when you have entered the code and run it.

Some chapters also show the complete source code of the game, but remember: you don't have to enter

every line of code right now. Instead, you can read the chapter first to understand what each line of code does

and then try entering it later.

You can also download the source code file from this book's website. Go to the URL

http://inventwithpython.com/source and follow the instructions to download the source code file.

Line Numbers and Spaces

When entering the source code yourself, do not type the line numbers that appear at the beginning of each

line. For example, if you see this in the book:

number = random.randint(1, 20)9.

You do not need to type the "9." on the left side, or the space that immediately follows it. Just type it like

this:

number = random.randint(1, 20)

Those numbers are only used so that this book can refer to specific lines in the code. They are not a part of

the actual program.

Aside from the line numbers, be sure to enter the code exactly as it appears. Notice that some of the lines

don't begin at the leftmost edge of the page, but are indented by four or eight spaces. Be sure to put in the

correct number of spaces at the start of each line. (Since each character in IDLE is the same width, you can

count the number of spaces by counting the number of characters above or below the line you're looking at.)

For example, you can see that the second line is indented by four spaces because the four characters

("whil") on the line above are over the indented space. The third line is indented by another four spaces (the

four characters, "if n" are above the third line's indented space):

while guesses < 10:

if number == 42:

print('Hello')

Text Wrapping in This Book

Some lines of code are too long to fit on one line on the page, and the text of the code will wrap around to

the next line. When you type these lines into the file editor, enter the code all on one line without pressing

ENTER.

You can tell when a new line starts by looking at the line numbers on the left side of the code. For

example, the code below has only two lines of code, even though the first line wraps around:

print('This is the first line!

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxx')

print('This is the second line! ')2.

Tracing the Program Online

You can visit http://inventwithpython.com/traces to see a trace through each of the programs in this book.

Tracing a program means to step through the code one line at a time, in the same way that a computer would

execute it. The traces web page has notes and helpful reminders at each step of the trace to explain what the

program is doing, so it can help you better understand why these programs work the way they do.

Checking Your Code Online

Some of the games in this book are a little long. Although it is very helpful to learn Python by typing out

the source code for these games, you may accidentally make typos that cause your game programs to crash. It

may not be obvious where the typo is.

You can copy and paste the text of your source code to the online diff tool on the book's website. The diff

tool will show any differences between the source code in the book and the source code you've typed. This is

an easy way of finding any typos in your program.

The online diff tool is at this web page: http://inventwithpython.com/diff

Summary

This chapter has helped you get started with the Python software by showing you the python.org website

where you can download it for free. After installing and starting the Python IDLE software, we will be ready

to learn programming starting in the next chapter.

This book's website at http://inventwithpython.com has more information on each of the chapters,

including an online tracing website that can help you understand what exactly each line of the programs do.

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