IEEE 802.11-2020 标准：无线局域网MAC和PHY规范

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"80211-2020.pdf" 本文将详细解析与802.11-2020标准相关的无线局域网（WLAN）技术，包括其核心规范、功能以及对无线局域网介质访问控制（MAC）和物理层（PHY）的详细要求。 802.11标准是由电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）的局域网/城域网标准委员会（LAN/MAN Standards Committee）开发的一系列标准，专门用于定义无线局域网络的通信协议。此标准的最新版本是802.11-2020，它是对2016年版本的修订，旨在提升WLAN的性能、安全性和效率。 802.11标准涵盖了多个子标准，例如802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.11ac和802.11ax（也称为Wi-Fi 6），这些子标准分别代表了不同历史阶段WLAN技术的发展，从最早的802.11b提供的11Mbps速率，到802.11ax支持的最高近10Gbps的传输速度。 802.11标准的核心部分包括MAC层和PHY层规格。MAC层负责管理网络上的数据传输，确保多个设备公平且有效地共享无线介质。这涉及到诸如载波检测、冲突避免（CSMA/CA）和多种访问方法，如DCF（分布式协调功能）和PCF（点协调功能）。PHY层则定义了无线信号的物理特性，包括调制方式、频率范围、信道带宽、传输功率等，以确保数据在无线环境中的正确传输。 802.11-2020版中可能包含的重要改进包括： 1. **更高的数据速率**：通过引入新的编码和调制技术，如高阶调制（例如1024-QAM），显著提升了数据传输速率。 2. **多用户MIMO (MU-MIMO)**：允许路由器同时向多个设备发送数据，提高了网络容量和效率。 3. **目标唤醒时间(TWT)**：这是一种节能机制，允许设备规划和优化其无线连接的唤醒周期，从而延长电池寿命。 4. **增强型直序扩频(E-SS)** 和 **正交频分复用(OFDM)**：这些技术改进了无线信号的质量和可靠性。 5. **安全增强**：更新了安全协议，如WPA3，提供了更强大的加密和身份验证机制，保护用户数据免受未经授权的访问。 6. **频道绑定和自适应宽度通道**：根据网络负载自动调整信道宽度，优化频谱利用率。 802.11-2020标准是WLAN技术的最新里程碑，它不仅提高了无线网络的性能，还增强了用户体验，尤其对于高密度网络环境和物联网(IoT)应用而言，其改进的效率和安全性显得尤为重要。随着技术的不断发展，我们可以期待802.11标准未来会带来更多创新和突破。

4.3.24.4 Mirrored stream classification service (MSCS).................................. 250

4.3.24.5 Overlapping BSS (OBSS) management ............................................. 250

4.3.24.6 Interworking with IEEE 802.1Q Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP) 250

4.3.24.7 Intra-access category prioritization..................................................... 250

4.3.25 Operation under geolocation database (GDB) control .......................................... 251

4.3.26 CDMG STA........................................................................................................... 252

4.3.27 CMMG STA .......................................................................................................... 253

4.3.28 General link (GLK)................................................................................................ 254

4.3.28.1 General ................................................................................................ 254

4.3.28.2 Selective reception of group addressed frames................................... 254

4.3.28.3 GLK Service Sets................................................................................ 255

4.3.29 Ethertype protocol discrimination (EPD) .............................................................. 259

4.4 Logical service interfaces ...................................................................................................... 260

4.4.1 General................................................................................................................... 260

4.4.2 SS ........................................................................................................................... 260

4.4.3 PBSS control point service (PCPS) ....................................................................... 261

4.4.4 DSS ........................................................................................................................ 261

4.5 Overview of the services........................................................................................................ 262

4.5.1 General................................................................................................................... 262

4.5.2 Distribution of MSDUs within a DS...................................................................... 263

4.5.2.1 Distribution ......................................................................................... 263

4.5.2.2 Integration ........................................................................................... 264

4.5.2.3 QoS traffic scheduling ........................................................................ 264

4.5.3 Connectivity-related services................................................................................. 264

4.5.3.1 General ................................................................................................ 264

4.5.3.2 Mobility types ..................................................................................... 265

4.5.3.3 Association.......................................................................................... 265

4.5.3.4 Reassociation ...................................................................................... 266

4.5.3.5 Disassociation ..................................................................................... 266

4.5.4 Access control and data confidentiality services ................................................... 267

4.5.4.1 General ................................................................................................ 267

4.5.4.2 Authentication..................................................................................... 267

4.5.4.3 Deauthentication ................................................................................. 268

4.5.4.4 Data confidentiality............................................................................. 269

4.5.4.5 Key management................................................................................. 270

4.5.4.6 Data origin authenticity....................................................................... 270

4.5.4.7 Replay detection.................................................................................. 270

4.5.4.8 Fast BSS transition.............................................................................. 270

4.5.4.9 Management frame protection ............................................................ 270

4.5.4.10 MAC privacy enhancements............................................................... 271

4.5.5 Spectrum management services............................................................................. 271

4.5.5.1 General ................................................................................................ 271

4.5.5.2 TPC ..................................................................................................... 271

4.5.5.3 DFS ..................................................................................................... 271

4.5.6 Traffic differentiation and QoS support................................................................. 272

4.5.6.1 General ................................................................................................ 272

4.5.6.2 Quality-of-service management frame support................................... 272

4.5.7 Support for higher layer timer synchronization ..................................................... 272

4.5.8 Radio measurement service ................................................................................... 273

4.5.9 Interworking with external networks ..................................................................... 273

4.5.9.1 General ................................................................................................ 273

4.5.9.2 Preassociation discovery (PAD) ......................................................... 274

4.5.10 Generic advertisement service (GAS) ................................................................... 275

4.6 Multiple logical address spaces ............................................................................................. 276

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4.7 Differences among ESS, PBSS, and IBSS LANs.................................................................. 276

4.8 Differences between ESS and MBSS LANs ......................................................................... 278

4.9 Reference model .................................................................................................................... 279

4.9.1 General................................................................................................................... 279

4.9.2 Interworking reference model................................................................................ 279

4.9.3 Reference model for supporting multiple MAC sublayers .................................... 281

4.9.4 Reference model for multi-band operation ............................................................ 282

4.10 IEEE Std 802.11 and IEEE Std 802.1X-2010 ....................................................................... 284

4.10.1 General................................................................................................................... 284

4.10.2 IEEE 802.11 usage of IEEE Std 802.1X-2010 ...................................................... 284

4.10.3 Infrastructure functional model overview.............................................................. 284

4.10.3.1 General ................................................................................................ 284

4.10.3.2 AKM operations with AS ................................................................... 284

4.10.3.3 AKM operations with a password or PSK.......................................... 287

4.10.3.4 Alternate operations with PSK............................................................ 288

4.10.3.5 Disassociation ..................................................................................... 288

4.10.3.6 AKM operations using FILS authentication ....................................... 288

4.10.4 IBSS functional model description ........................................................................ 289

4.10.4.1 General ................................................................................................ 289

4.10.4.2 Key usage............................................................................................ 289

4.10.4.3 Sample IBSS 4-way handshakes......................................................... 290

4.10.4.4 IBSS IEEE 802.1X example ............................................................... 291

4.10.5 PBSS functional model description ....................................................................... 292

4.10.6 Authenticator-to-AS protocol ................................................................................ 293

4.10.7 PMKSA caching .................................................................................................... 293

4.10.8 Protection of group addressed robust Management frames................................... 294

5. MAC service definition ................................................................................................................... 295

5.1 Overview of MAC services ................................................................................................... 295

5.1.1 Data service............................................................................................................ 295

5.1.1.1 General ................................................................................................ 295

5.1.1.2 Determination of UP ........................................................................... 295

5.1.1.3 Interpretation of priority parameter in MAC service primitives......... 295

5.1.1.4 Interpretation of service class parameter in MAC service

primitives in a STA ............................................................................. 296

5.1.2 Security services .................................................................................................... 297

5.1.3 MSDU ordering ..................................................................................................... 297

5.1.4 MSDU format ........................................................................................................ 298

5.1.5 MAC data service architecture .............................................................................. 299

5.1.5.1 General ................................................................................................ 299

5.1.5.2 Non-GLK non-AP STA role ............................................................... 302

5.1.5.3 Non-GLK AP role............................................................................... 302

5.1.5.4 Non-GLK mesh STA role ................................................................... 303

5.1.5.5 Mesh gate role..................................................................................... 303

5.1.5.6 S1G relay............................................................................................. 303

5.1.5.7 GLK STA role..................................................................................... 305

5.1.5.8 GLK AP role ....................................................................................... 305

5.1.5.9 GLK mesh STA role ........................................................................... 305

5.2 MAC data service specification............................................................................................. 307

5.2.1 General................................................................................................................... 307

5.2.2 GLK MAC data service specification.................................................................... 307

5.2.3 MA-UNITDATA.request ...................................................................................... 307

5.2.3.1 Function .............................................................................................. 307

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5.2.3.2 Semantics of the service primitive ...................................................... 307

5.2.3.3 When generated................................................................................... 308

5.2.3.4 Effect of receipt................................................................................... 308

5.2.4 MA-UNITDATA.indication .................................................................................. 310

5.2.4.1 Function .............................................................................................. 310

5.2.4.2 Semantics of the service primitive ...................................................... 310

5.2.4.3 When generated................................................................................... 311

5.2.4.4 Effect of receipt................................................................................... 311

5.2.5 MA-UNITDATA-STATUS.indication.................................................................. 313

5.2.5.1 Function .............................................................................................. 313

5.2.5.2 Semantics of the service primitive ...................................................... 313

5.2.5.3 When generated................................................................................... 314

5.2.5.4 Effect of receipt................................................................................... 314

6. Layer management........................................................................................................................... 315

6.1 Overview of management model........................................................................................... 315

6.2 Generic management primitives ............................................................................................ 316

6.3 MLME SAP interface ............................................................................................................ 316

6.3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 316

6.3.2 Power management................................................................................................ 317

6.3.2.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 317

6.3.2.2 MLME-POWERMGT.request............................................................ 317

6.3.2.3 MLME-POWERMGT.confirm........................................................... 318

6.3.3 Scan........................................................................................................................ 318

6.3.3.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 318

6.3.3.2 MLME-SCAN.request ........................................................................ 318

6.3.3.3 MLME-SCAN.confirm ....................................................................... 322

6.3.3.4 MLME-SCAN-STOP.request ............................................................. 337

6.3.4 Synchronization ..................................................................................................... 337

6.3.4.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 337

6.3.4.2 MLME-JOIN.request .......................................................................... 337

6.3.4.3 MLME-JOIN.confirm ......................................................................... 340

6.3.5 Authenticate ........................................................................................................... 341

6.3.5.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 341

6.3.5.2 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.request .................................................... 341

6.3.5.3 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.confirm ................................................... 342

6.3.5.4 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.indication................................................ 344

6.3.5.5 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.response.................................................. 345

6.3.6 Deauthenticate ....................................................................................................... 347

6.3.6.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 347

6.3.6.2 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.request............................................... 347

6.3.6.3 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.confirm.............................................. 347

6.3.6.4 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.indication .......................................... 348

6.3.7 Associate................................................................................................................ 348

6.3.7.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 348

6.3.7.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request............................................................. 349

6.3.7.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm............................................................ 352

6.3.7.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication ........................................................ 358

6.3.7.5 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response .......................................................... 363

6.3.8 Reassociate............................................................................................................. 367

6.3.8.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 367

6.3.8.2 MLME-REASSOCIATE.request........................................................ 367

6.3.8.3 MLME-REASSOCIATE.confirm....................................................... 371

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6.3.8.4 MLME-REASSOCIATE.indication ................................................... 377

6.3.8.5 MLME-REASSOCIATE.response ..................................................... 383

6.3.9 Disassociate ........................................................................................................... 388

6.3.9.1 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request ...................................................... 388

6.3.9.2 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm ..................................................... 388

6.3.9.3 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication.................................................. 389

6.3.10 Reset....................................................................................................................... 389

6.3.10.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 389

6.3.10.2 MLME-RESET.request....................................................................... 389

6.3.11 Start........................................................................................................................ 390

6.3.11.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 390

6.3.11.2 MLME-START.request ...................................................................... 390

6.3.11.3 MLME-START.confirm ..................................................................... 396

6.3.12 Stop ........................................................................................................................ 397

6.3.12.1 General ................................................................................................ 397

6.3.12.2 MLME-STOP.request ......................................................................... 397

6.3.13 Protocol layer model for spectrum management and radio measurement............. 398

6.3.14 Measurement request ............................................................................................. 401

6.3.14.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 401

6.3.14.2 MLME-MREQUEST.request ............................................................. 401

6.3.14.3 MLME-MREQUEST.indication......................................................... 402

6.3.15 Channel measurement............................................................................................ 403

6.3.15.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 403

6.3.15.2 MLME-MEASURE.request................................................................ 403

6.3.15.3 MLME-MEASURE.confirm............................................................... 403

6.3.16 Measurement report ............................................................................................... 404

6.3.16.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 404

6.3.16.2 MLME-MREPORT.request................................................................ 404

6.3.16.3 MLME-MREPORT.indication ........................................................... 405

6.3.17 Channel switch....................................................................................................... 406

6.3.17.1 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.request ................................................ 406

6.3.17.2 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.confirm ............................................... 407

6.3.17.3 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.indication............................................ 408

6.3.17.4 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.response.............................................. 409

6.3.18 TPC request............................................................................................................ 410

6.3.18.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 410

6.3.18.2 MLME-TPCADAPT.request .............................................................. 410

6.3.18.3 MLME-TPCADAPT.confirm ............................................................. 411

6.3.19 SetKeys .................................................................................................................. 412

6.3.19.1 MLME-SETKEYS.request ................................................................. 412

6.3.20 DeleteKeys............................................................................................................. 413

6.3.20.1 MLME-DELETEKEYS.request ......................................................... 413

6.3.21 MIC (michael) failure event .................................................................................. 414

6.3.21.1 MLME-MICHAELMICFAILURE.indication.................................... 414

6.3.22 EAPOL................................................................................................................... 415

6.3.22.1 MLME-EAPOL.request...................................................................... 415

6.3.22.2 MLME-EAPOL.confirm..................................................................... 416

6.3.23 SetProtection.......................................................................................................... 416

6.3.23.1 MLME-SETPROTECTION.request................................................... 416

6.3.24 MLME-PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED ........................................................... 417

6.3.24.1 MLME-PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED.indication ....................... 417

6.3.25 TS management interface ...................................................................................... 418

6.3.25.1 General ................................................................................................ 418

6.3.25.2 MLME-ADDTS.request ..................................................................... 419

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6.3.25.3 MLME-ADDTS.confirm .................................................................... 421

6.3.25.4 MLME-ADDTS.indication ................................................................. 424

6.3.25.5 MLME-ADDTS.response ................................................................... 426

6.3.25.6 MLME-DELTS.request ...................................................................... 429

6.3.25.7 MLME-DELTS.indication.................................................................. 430

6.3.25.8 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.request.................................................... 431

6.3.25.9 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.confirm................................................... 432

6.3.25.10 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.indication ............................................... 433

6.3.25.11 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.response ................................................. 434

6.3.26 Higher layer synchronization support.................................................................... 434

6.3.26.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 434

6.3.26.2 MLME-HL-SYNC.request ................................................................. 435

6.3.26.3 MLME-HL-SYNC.indication ............................................................. 435

6.3.27 Block Ack .............................................................................................................. 436

6.3.27.1 General ................................................................................................ 436

6.3.27.2 MLME-ADDBA.request..................................................................... 436

6.3.27.3 MLME-ADDBA.confirm ................................................................... 437

6.3.27.4 MLME-ADDBA.indication ................................................................ 439

6.3.27.5 MLME-ADDBA.response .................................................................. 440

6.3.27.6 MLME-DELBA.request ..................................................................... 441

6.3.27.7 MLME-DELBA.indication ................................................................. 442

6.3.28 Schedule element management.............................................................................. 443

6.3.28.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 443

6.3.28.2 MLME-SCHEDULE.request.............................................................. 443

6.3.28.3 MLME-SCHEDULE.indication ......................................................... 444

6.3.29 Vendor-specific action........................................................................................... 445

6.3.29.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 445

6.3.29.2 MLME-VSPECIFIC.request............................................................... 445

6.3.29.3 MLME-VSPECIFIC.indication .......................................................... 446

6.3.30 Neighbor report request ......................................................................................... 447

6.3.30.1 General ................................................................................................ 447

6.3.30.2 MLME-NEIGHBORREPREQ.request............................................... 447

6.3.30.3 MLME-NEIGHBORREPREQ.indication .......................................... 448

6.3.31 Neighbor report response....................................................................................... 449

6.3.31.1 General ................................................................................................ 449

6.3.31.2 MLME-NEIGHBORREPRESP.request ............................................. 449

6.3.31.3 MLME-NEIGHBORREPRESP.indication......................................... 450

6.3.32 Link Measure Request ........................................................................................... 451

6.3.32.1 General ................................................................................................ 451

6.3.32.2 MLME-LINKMEASURE.request ...................................................... 451

6.3.32.3 MLME-LINKMEASURE.confirm ..................................................... 452

6.3.33 MLME SAP interface for resource request ........................................................... 453

6.3.33.1 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.request........................................... 453

6.3.33.2 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.indication ...................................... 454

6.3.33.3 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.response ........................................ 455

6.3.33.4 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.confirm ......................................... 455

6.3.33.5 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST-LOCAL.request............................ 456

6.3.33.6 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST-LOCAL.confirm........................... 457

6.3.34 MLME SAP interface for remote requests ............................................................ 457

6.3.34.1 MLME-REMOTE-REQUEST.request ............................................... 457

6.3.34.2 MLME-REMOTE-REQUEST.indication........................................... 458

6.3.35 Extended channel switch announcement ............................................................... 458

6.3.35.1 General ................................................................................................ 458

6.3.35.2 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.request......................................... 459

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