石墨烯/MoS2异质结构：稳定的中红外光调制器用于Er3+掺杂的ZBLAN光纤激光器

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"这篇科研论文探讨了石墨烯/二硫化钼（Graphene/MoS2）异质结构在中红外光学调制器中的应用，特别是在掺杂铒离子（Er3+）的ZBLAN光纤激光器中的潜力。研究团队通过水热法成功制备了这种异质结构，并分析了其非线性吸收特性。利用这种非线性光学调制器，他们实现了稳定被动Q开关操作的Er3+掺杂ZBLAN光纤激光器在约2.8微米波长的工作，能够获得高达2.2微焦的单脉冲能量，对应的脉宽和脉冲重复频率也进行了描述。" 本文详细介绍了由石墨烯和二硫化钼组成的复合材料——Graphene/MoS2异质结构，这是一种新型的中红外光调制器材料，具有优异的性能。石墨烯以其独特的二维结构和高载流子迁移率，而二硫化钼因其强烈的光子吸收和非线性光学效应，两者结合形成了强大的光学调制能力。通过水热法制备的Graphene/MoS2异质结构，结合了两种材料的优点，有望在中红外光谱区域实现高效、稳定的光学调控。论文中提到，这种异质结构的非线性吸收参数是关键，它决定了材料在高光强下的响应特性，对于被动Q开关操作至关重要。Q开关是一种激光技术，通过控制激光腔内的损耗来暂时储存能量，然后快速释放，产生短脉冲激光。在Er3+掺杂的ZBLAN光纤激光器中，Graphene/MoS2异质结构作为非线性吸收元件，能够有效地调节激光腔内的能量积累与释放，从而实现稳定且可重复的Q开关操作。 ZBLAN光纤是一种氟化物光纤，由于其低的OH离子含量，特别适合用于中红外波段的激光传输。Er3+离子在约2.8微米的波长处有较强的吸收和发射特性，因此被广泛用作中红外激光器的激活剂。论文展示了在掺杂Er3+的ZBLAN光纤激光器中，使用Graphene/MoS2异质结构作为Q开关后，激光器能产生能量高达2.2微焦的单脉冲，这表明该调制器的性能非常出色。此外，文章还提到了实验的其他细节，如脉冲宽度和脉冲重复频率等关键激光参数，这些参数对于理解和优化激光系统的性能至关重要。研究人员来自中国湘潭大学、湖南大学和深圳大学等多个机构，他们在微纳能源材料与器件湖南省重点实验室进行研究，展示了多学科交叉合作在光学和光电子学领域的创新成果。这篇研究论文揭示了Graphene/MoS2异质结构在中红外光学调制器中的巨大潜力，为掺铒光纤激光器提供了新的设计思路，对于未来开发高性能、紧凑型的中红外激光系统具有重要意义。同时，这也为材料科学、光电子学以及激光技术等领域提供了新的研究方向和挑战。

Graphene/MoS

heterostructure: a robust mid-infrared

optical modulator for Er

-doped ZBLAN fiber laser

Pinghua Tang (唐平华)

,YueTao(陶月)

, Yuliang Mao (毛宇亮)

, Man Wu (吴熳)

Zongyu Huang (黄宗玉)

, Shengnan Liang (梁胜男)

, Xinhang Chen (陈新行)

Xiang Qi (祁祥)

*, Bin Huang (黄斌)

, Jun Liu (刘军)

, and Chujun Zhao (赵楚军)

Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronics,

Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and

Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of

Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of

Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

*Corresponding author: xqi@xtu.edu.cn; **corresponding author: cjzhao@hnu.edu.cn

Received September 23, 2017; accepted November 10, 2017; posted online January 26, 2018

We have prepared the graphene∕MoS

heterostructure by a hydrothermal method, and presented its

nonlinear absorption parameters and application as a nonlinear optical modulator in the mid-infrared region.

Using the nonlinear optical modulator, stable passively Q-switched operation of an Er

3þ

-doped

ZrF

-BaF

-LaF

-AlF

-NaF (ZBLAN) fiber laser at ∼2.8 μm can be obtained. The Q-switched Er

3þ

-doped

ZBLAN fiber laser can yield per-pulse energy up to 2.2 μJ with the corresponding pulse width and pulse rep-

etition rate of 1.9 μs and 45 kHz, respectively. Our results indicate that the graphene∕MoS

heterostructure can

be a robust optical modulator for pulsed lasers in the mid-infrared spectral range.

OCIS codes: 160.4330, 140.3070, 140.3540.

doi: 10.3788/COL201816.020012.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a platform that

allows the creation of heterostructures with unique and

unprecedented properties to play an important role in

modern electronic devices, and optoelectronic devices,

etc.

[1]

. 2D nan omaterials, such as graphene and molybde-

num disulfide (MoS

), possess excell ent nonlinear optical

response as a nonlinear optical modulator, which have at-

tracted considerable attention in pulsed laser generation

[2]

To date, graphene as an optical modulator has success-

fully been used to generate Q-switched and mode-locked

pulses in fiber lasers and solid-state lasers with the

operating waveband coverage from near-infrared to

mid-infrared

[3–5]

. However, the relatively weak optical

response (2.3% absorption with monolayer graphene) in

a widely spectral region limits its applica tion

[6]

. Although

the absorption intensity in graphene can be enhanced by

various approaches, such as employing twisted bilayer

graphene

[6]

, graphene plasmons

[7]

, and a microcavity

[8]

unwanted nonsaturable losses will rise. Motived by the

progress of graphene, many other graphene-like 2D

materials, such as a topological insulator

[9–12]

, black phos-

phorus

[13–17]

, gold nanorods

[18,19]

, and transition-metal

dichalcogenides (TMDCs)

[20–24]

, have been explored as

an optical modulator to achieve pulse d lasers.

MoS

, a typical TMDC, exhibits great potential in

optoelectronic applications for its tunable bandgaps and

strong light–matter interaction

[25]

. Unlike semi-metallic

graphene, MoS

is a semiconductor with the band gap

changing from indirect to direct when the thickness is

reduced to a monolayer, and this indirect-to-direct

gap transition sparks off great enhancement in the

photo-response

[26]

. Moreover, MoS

exhibits strong

light–matter interaction in association with Van Hove sin-

gularities in the density of states

[27]

. Recently, using MoS

as the optical modulator, researchers have realized

broadband Q-switching (Q-S) and mode-locking

[20,21,28–33]

However, MoS

alone used as an optical modulator suffers

from the relatively long relaxation time of the intra-

band excitation in comparison with graphene

[34]

and the

rapid recombination of the photo-excited electron–hole

pairs

[26]

Fortunately, triggered by the progress of the nano-

composite, researchers have explored a new functional

material, namely, the graphene∕MoS

heterostructure,

which succeeds in the advantages of graphene and

MoS

, while it overcomes their disadvantages

[25,35]

. Studies

have demonstrated that the advantages of ultrafast

relaxation, broadband response from graphene, and the

strong light–matter interaction from MoS

can be com-

bined together by the graphene∕MoS

heterostructure

[25]

Moreover, photo-excited electron-hole pairs produced by

MoS

can be easily separated at the MoS

and graphene

interfaces in these heterostructures

[26]

. These excellent

photoelectric properties make the graphene∕MoS

heterostructure a promising optical modulator. Recently,

Zhao et al.

[36]

and Jiang et al.

[25]

have realized both Q-S and

mode-locking at 1 and 1.5 μm, using the graphene∕MoS

heterostructure as the optical modulator, respectively.

COL 16(2), 020012(2018) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS February 10, 2018

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