O'Reilly .NET编程指南：WCF服务与.NET技术

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"《编程WCF服务》是一本深入介绍Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 的专业书籍，它是Microsoft .NET框架下的一门重要技术，主要使用C#语言进行开发。WCF是.NET平台上的一个组件服务，旨在实现企业级的、面向服务的架构（SOA），支持多种协议（如HTTP、TCP、UDP等）以及跨平台的互操作性。该PDF文件提供了丰富的学习资源，包括但不限于《Learning C#》和《Learning WCF》，这两本书分别针对C#语言和WCF服务的入门与进阶知识，适合不同层次的开发者使用。《Programming C#》和《Programming .NET》则可能涵盖了更广泛的.NET技术，为读者提供了一个完整的.NET技术体系的学习路径。 O'Reilly出版社是业界知名的IT技术资源中心，其网站dotnet.oreilly.com集合了众多关于.NET及相关技术的书籍，包括示例章节和代码实例，为开发者提供了详实的参考。ONDotnet.com则专注于提供微软.NET基础、兼容性和新兴技术的独立报道，帮助程序员掌握核心技术和最新趋势。此外，O'Reilly Media还会定期举办各类技术会议，邀请行业创新者分享前沿理念，推动技术革新。通过conferences.oreilly.com可以了解即将到来的活动，为专业发展提供交流平台。对于需要即时查询和深度研究的开发者，SafariBookshelf是一个强大的在线参考库，拥有超过1000本编程和IT专业书籍，用户可以快速找到解决技术问题的答案。通过Safari书架，开发者可以随时随地访问这些宝贵的资源，从头到尾地学习和查阅WCF服务的相关内容。《Programming WCF Services》不仅是一本实用的教程，也是通往.NET和WCF服务开发世界的一扇大门，为读者提供了丰富的学习资料和实践指导，是IT专业人士提升技能不可或缺的参考资料。"

xiv

Foreword

Preface2

In August 2001 I first learned the details of an effort in Microsoft to rewrite COM+

using managed code. Nothing much happened after that. Then, in July 2002, during

a C# 2.0 Strategic Design Review, the remoting program manager outlined in broad

strokes plans to rework remoting into something that developers should actually use.

At the same time, Microsoft was also working on incorporating the new security

specs for web services into the ASMX stack and actively working with others on

drafting a score of additional web services specs.

In July 2003 I was given access to a new transactional infrastructure that improved

on the deficiencies in transactional .NET programming. As of yet, there was no cohe-

sive programming model that unified these distinct technologies. Towards the end of

2003 I was privileged to be invited to join a small team of outside industry experts

and participate in the strategic design review of a new development platform code-

named Indigo. Some of the smartest and nicest people I know were part of that team.

Over the next 2–3 years Indigo went through some three generations of program-

ming models. The current declarative, endpoint-driven object model debuted in early

2005, was stabilized by August of that year, and was named the Windows Commu-

nication Foundation (WCF).

It is difficult to get a consistent answer from different people on what WCF is. To the

web service developer, it is the ultimate interoperability solution, an implementation

of a long list of industry standards. To the distributed application developer, it is the

easiest way of making remote calls and even queued calls. To the system developer, it

is the next generation of productivity-oriented features, such as transactions and

hosting, that provide off-the-shelf plumbing for applications. To the application

developer, it is a declarative programming model for structuring the application. And

to the architect, it is how one can finally build service-oriented applications. WCF is

in actuality all of those, simply because it was designed that way—to be the unified

next generation of Microsoft’s disparate technologies.

To me, WCF is simply the next development platform, which to a large extent sub-

sumes raw .NET programming. WCF should be used by any .NET developer,

xvi

Preface

regardless of the application type, size, or industry domain. WCF is a fundamental

technology that provides an easy and clean way to generate services and applications

in compliance with what I regard as sound design principles. WCF is engineered

from the ground up to simplify application development and deployment, and to

lower the overall cost of ownership. WCF services are used to build service-oriented

applications, from standalone desktop applications to web-based applications and

services to high-end Enterprise applications.

How This Book Is Organized

This book covers the topics and skills you need to design and develop service-ori-

ented WCF-based applications. You will see how to take advantage of built-in fea-

tures such as service hosting, instance management, concurrency management,

transactions, disconnected queued calls, and security. While the book shows you

how to use these features, it sets the focus on the “why” and the rationale behind

particular design decisions. You’ll not only learn WCF programming and the related

system issues, but also relevant design options, tips, best practices, and pitfalls. I

approached almost every topic and aspect from a software engineering standpoint

because my objective is to make you not just a WCF expert, but also a better soft-

ware engineer. Armed with such insights, you can engineer your application for

maintainability, extensibility, reusability, and productivity.

The book avoids many implementation details of WCF and largely confines its cov-

erage to the possibilities and the practical aspects of using WCF: how to apply the

technology and how to choose among the available design and programming mod-

els. The book makes the most of what .NET 2.0 has to offer, and in some respects is

an advanced C# book as well.

In addition, the book contains many useful utilities, tools, and helper classes I have

written. My tools and helper classes or attributes aim at increasing your productivity

and the quality of your WCF services. I literally developed a small framework that

sits on top of WCF and compensates for some oversights in its design or simplifies

and automates certain tasks. This book is as much about my tools, ideas, and tech-

niques as it is about native WCF, and my framework also demonstrates how you can

extend WCF.

During the past two years I have published a number of WCF articles in MSDN Mag-

azine, and I presently write the WCF section of the Foundations column for the mag-

azine as well. I used these articles to seed the chapters in this book, and I am grateful

to the magazine for allowing me to do so. Even if you have read the articles, you

should still read the corresponding chapters here. The chapters are much more com-

prehensive, offering additional angles, techniques, and samples, and often tie their

subjects to other chapters.

Preface

xvii

Each chapter systematically addresses a single topic and discusses it in depth. How-

ever, each chapter does rely on the ones that precede it, so you should read the chap-

ters in order.

Here is a brief summary of the chapters and appendixes in this book:

Chapter 1, WCF Essentials

Starts by explaining what WCF is, and then describes essential WCF concepts

and building blocks, such as addresses, contracts, bindings, endpoints, hosting,

and clients. The chapter ends with a discussion of the WCF architecture, which

is really the linchpin of all that is enabled in the subsequent chapters. This chap-

ter assumes you understand the basic motivation and benefit of service-orienta-

tion. If that is not the case, you should first read Appendix A. Even if you are

already familiar with the basic concepts of WCF, I recommend you give this

chapter at least, cursory reading, not only to ensure you have the solid founda-

tion but also because some of the helper classes and terms introduced here will

be used and extended throughout the book.

Chapter 2, Service Contracts

Is dedicated to designing and working with service contracts. You will first learn

some useful techniques for service contract overloading and inheritance, and

some advanced techniques. The chapter next discusses how to design and factor

contracts that cater to reuse, maintainability, and extensibility. The chapter ends

by showing you how to interact programmatically at runtime with the metadata

of the exposed contracts.

Chapter 3, Data Contracts

Deals with how the client and the service can exchange data without ever actu-

ally sharing the data type itself or using the same development technology. You

will see how to deal with some interesting real-life issues such as data version-

ing, and how to pass collections of items.

Chapter 4, Instance Management

Is dedicated to answering which service instance handles which client’s request.

WCF supports several service instance management, activation, and lifetime

management techniques with drastic implications on scalability and perfor-

mance. This chapter provides the rationale for each of the instance management

modes, offers guidelines on when and how to best use them, and also addresses

some related topics, such as throttling.

Chapter 5, Operations

Deals with the types of operations clients can invoke on a service and the related

design guidelines, such as how to improve and extend the basic offering to sup-

port callback setup and teardown, manage callback ports and channels, and pro-

vide for type-safe duplex proxies.

Preface

xviii

Chapter 6, Faults

Is all about how services can report errors and exceptions back to their clients,

since constructs such as exceptions and exception handling are technology-spe-

cific and should not transcend the service boundary. The chapter discusses the

best practices of error handling, enabling you to decouple the client error han-

dling from the service. The chapter also demonstrates how you can extend and

improve on the basic error-handling mechanism.

Chapter 7, Transactions

Begins by providing the motivation for transactions in general, and then dis-

cusses the many aspects of transactional services: the transaction management

architecture, transaction propagation configuration, the declarative transaction

support offered by WCF, and how clients can create transactions. The chapter

ends by discussing relevant design guidelines such as transactional service state

management and instancing modes.

Chapter 8, Concurrency Management

Describes the powerful yet simple declarative way WCF offers for managing con-

currency and synchronization, both for the client and the service. The chapter

then presents more advanced aspects such as callbacks, reentrancy, thread affin-

ity, and synchronization context and best practices and guidelines for avoiding

deadlocks.

Chapter 9, Queued Services

Shows how clients can queue up calls to services, thus enabling asynchronous,

disconnected work. The chapter starts by showing how to set up and configure

queued services, and then focuses on aspects such as transactions, instance man-

agement, and failures and their impact on both the business model of the service

and its implementation.

Chapter 10, Security

Demystifies service-oriented security by breaking down this multifaceted task

into its basic elements, such as message transfer, authentication, and authoriza-

tion. The chapter continues to demonstrate how to provide security for key sce-

narios such as intranet and Internet applications. Finally, you will see my

framework for declarative WCF security, designed to automate security setup

and to considerably simplify managing security.

Appendix A, Introduction to Service-Orientation

Is designed for readers who want to understand what service-orientation is all

about. This appendix presents my take on service-orientation and what it means

to put it in a concrete context. The appendix defines service-oriented applica-

tions (as opposed to mere architecture) and the services themselves, and exam-

ines the benefits of the methodology. The appendix then presents the principles

of service-orientation and augments the abstract tenets with a few more practi-

cal points required by most applications.

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