开源物理用户手册：Java模拟与教育项目

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OpenSourcePhysUserManual_2002是由Wolfgang Christian编写的指南，发布于2002年9月24日，作为Open-SourcePhysics教育项目的一部分。该项目旨在通过GNU开源模式促进计算机物理和物理学教育的发展，目标是提供大量基于Java的模拟工具供教育使用。此手册着重介绍了OpenSourcePhysics中的关键组件和技术，这些组件包括： 1. **EasyJavaSimulations**：由Francisco Esquembre开发的高级建模工具，它允许用户轻松创建交互式的物理模拟，无需深入了解底层代码，便于教师和学生进行实验教学。 2. **VideoAnalysis by Doug Brown**：一个视频分析程序，可能用于研究和教学中，通过视频数据进行物理现象的观察和分析，如运动学或动力学问题。 3. **OSP3D by Adam Abele and Wolfgang Christian**：一个针对三维物理教学的开源工具集，可能包含图形化界面和模型，使得复杂的物理概念在三维空间中更直观地展示。 4. **Simulations in Physics (Java edition)**：这是一本书的Java版本，由Harvey Gould、Jan Tobochnik和Wolfgang Christian合著，书中融入了OpenSourcePhysics的部分内容，以便学生和教师能够利用开源代码进行实践学习。 5. **Statistical and Thermal Physics project**：这是另一个与OpenSourcePhysics相集成的项目，可能涉及统计力学和热力学的教学内容，利用开源技术实现理论与实践的结合。 6. **OpenSourcePhysics的采用政策**：鼓励程序员将OpenSourcePhysics的工具纳入他们的项目，但前提是遵循开源原则，即必须公开源代码并允许社区修改和扩展。 OpenSourcePhysUserManual_2002为教育者提供了一个全面的框架，展示了如何利用开源技术推动物理教学的创新和实践，促进了知识的共享和科学探索的普及。它强调了Java编程在计算物理教学中的重要性，以及如何通过开放源码来促进教育资源的可持续发展。

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CHAPTER 1. DRAWING 6

1.2 Dataset

A Dataset is a Drawable object that stores and renders (x, y) data points. In order to construct

a simple graph, we instantiate a dataset and two axes, add them to a drawing panel, and append

points to the dataset. Typical code is shown in Listing 1.2.

Listing 1.2: A graph using three drawable components.

public static void main(String[] args) {

// create a drawing frame and a drawing panel

DrawingPanel panel = new DrawingPanel();

DrawingFrame frame = new DrawingFrame(panel);

panel.setSquareAspect(false);

panel.setAutoscaleX(true);

panel.setAutoscaleY(true);

// create data and append it to a dataset

double[] x = { −2, −1, 0, 1, 2 };

double[] y = { −2, 2, 6, 10, 14 };

Dataset dataset = new Dataset();

dataset.setConnected(true);

dataset.setSorted(true); // sort points as needed

dataset.append(x, y);

dataset.append(5, 11); // a single point

dataset.append (3.5, 2.5); // this point will be sorted

// add the drawable objects to the drawing panel

panel.addDrawable(dataset);

XAxis xaxis = new XAxis(”x”);

panel.addDrawable(xaxis);

YAxis yaxis = new YAxis(”y”);

panel.addDrawable(yaxis);

frame.show();

frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT ON CLOSE);

}

Data points with error estimates can be appended to datasets using the following signature:

dataset.append(x, y, err x , err y ); // parameters can be double or double[]

Error estimates are optional and can be included with only a few select points to limit the number

of error bars being drawn.

Note that single points and arrays of points can be added to a dataset at any time using the

append method. However, dataset views (such as drawing panels) are not refreshed until the view

is repainted. This allows a program to append multiple points to a graph without unnecessary

drawing.

Although it is usually convenient to allow datasets to automatically adjust a drawing panel’s

scale parameters, this can lead to too small a scale if the range of values is small. For example, we

might like to insure that the minimum y value be no greater than zero and the maximum y value

CHAPTER 1. DRAWING 7

be no smaller than ten even if every point has a y value of 5. This behavior can be obtained by

setting ﬂoor and ceiling values using the limitAutoscaleY method.

panel.setAutoscaleY(true);

panel.limitAutoscaleY(0,10);

Setting these options allows the panel to autoscale the y axis using the data’s minimum and

maximum values but the panel also checks to make sure that the axis contains the interval [0, 10].

Table 1.1 summarizes common Dataset methods. Consult the source-code documentation for

a complete listing and more extensive descriptions.

org.opensourcephysics.display.Dataset

append Adds data to the data set as x, y coordinate pairs. The data

can be either doubles or arrays of doubles. Note that data

points having the non-numeric values of Double.NaN or inﬁnity

are discarded.

clear Removes all data.

isMeasured Gets the valid measure ﬂag. This ﬂag is true if the data set

contains at least one valid data point.

getXMax Gets the maximum x value in the dataset. Note that this value

is guaranteed to be correct only if the isMeasured ﬂag is true.

getXMin Similar to getXMax.

getYMax Similar to getXMax.

getYMin Similar to getXMax.

toString Creates a string representation of the data with every point on

a new line. X and y values are separated by a tab.

setConnected Connects the data points with straight lines. Default is false.

setLineColor Sets the color of the lines connecting the points. Ignored if

points are not connected. Default is black.

setMarkerColor Sets the color of the data markers. Ignored if the data marker

is set to NO MARKER. Default is black.

setMarkerShape Sets the shape of the data markers. Valid shapes are

NO MARKER, CIRCLE, SQUARE, AREA, PIXEL, BAR, and POST . The

default is SQUARE.

setSorted Sort the dataset by increasing x value. Default is false.

Table 1.1: Common dataset methods.

Markers can be used to create a variety of graphs as shown in Figure 1.2. Circles and squares

are ﬁlled with a color that is set using the setMarkerColor method. This method has a number

of signatures to produce a number of diﬀerent eﬀects. Calling this method with a single color

parameter produces a shape with a single color. It is usually more attractive to use multiple colors

for the marker’s interior, edge, and error bars. It may also be desirable to deﬁne the marker’s

ﬁll color to be slightly transparent so that overlapping data points can be seen. For example, the

following code creates a dataset with a pale-red transparent interior, red edge, and black error

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开源物理用户手册：Java模拟与教育项目

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