千瓦级啁啾倾斜光纤布拉格光栅的制备及其在高功率连续波振荡器中抑制受激拉曼散射的应用

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"这篇论文是关于千瓦级切变和倾斜光纤光栅在高功率连续波振荡器中抑制受激喇曼散射(SRS)的研究。作者包括Kerong Jiao, Jian Shu, Hua Shen, Zhiwen Guan, Feiyan Yang和Rihong Zhu，来自中国南京理工大学的MIIT关键实验室和电子工程与光电技术学院。文章发表在2019年的《高功率激光科学与工程》期刊，Vol. 7, e31，共7页。" 文章指出，利用切变和倾斜光纤布拉格光栅(CTFBGs)来抑制受激喇曼散射已成为一个重要的研究领域。然而，在高功率系统中的研究仍然不足，主要存在两个问题。首先，CTFBGs在制作后，其中含有大量的羟基化合物和氢分子，这些物质对红外光有强烈的吸收，导致显著的加热效应。其次，CTFBGs能够将斯托克斯光从芯层耦合到包层和涂层，从而引发进一步的问题。受激喇曼散射(SRS)是一种非线性光学效应，当高功率激光通过光纤时，会导致能量损失并可能产生热效应，这在高功率连续波(CW)激光振荡器中是一个重大挑战。CTFBGs的设计和制造就是为了减少这种散射，通过改变光栅的周期性以及引入倾斜角度，可以有效地分散和滤除SRS产生的斯托克斯光。论文详细探讨了如何克服上述问题。首先，针对CTFBGs内部的羟基化合物和氢分子导致的加热问题，可能的解决方案可能包括优化制造工艺以减少这些杂质的残留，或者开发新的材料或处理方法来减少它们的红外吸收。其次，为了解决斯托克斯光的耦合问题，可能需要设计更精细的光栅结构，以减少非期望的光泄露。此外，文章可能还涵盖了实验方法、光栅的制备技术、性能测试以及实际应用中的效果验证。通过实验和理论分析，作者可能提出了一种有效抑制SRS的新策略，这对于提升高功率激光系统的稳定性和效率具有重要意义。这篇论文是高功率激光技术领域的关键贡献，对于理解和解决在高功率连续波激光振荡器中受激喇曼散射问题具有指导价值，同时为CTFBGs的优化设计提供了新的思路。

High Power Laser Science and Engineering, (2019), Vol. 7, e31, 7 pages.

licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

doi:10.1017/hpl.2019.18

Fabrication of kW-level chirped and tilted ﬁber Bragg

gratings and ﬁltering of stimulated Raman scattering in

high-power CW oscillators

Kerong Jiao

, Jian Shu

, Hua Shen

1,2

, Zhiwen Guan

, Feiyan Yang

, and Rihong Zhu

1,2

MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

School of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094,

China

(Received 18 February 2019; revised 27 March 2019; accepted 4 April 2019)

Abstract

Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) by means of chirped and tilted ﬁber Bragg gratings (CTFBGs) has

become a key topic. However, research on high-power systems is still lacking due to two problems. Firstly, after the

inscription, there are a large number of hydroxyl compounds and hydrogen molecules in CTFBGs that cause signiﬁcant

heating due to their strong infrared absorption. Secondly, CTFBGs can couple Stokes light from the core to the cladding

and the coating, which causes serious heating in the coating of the CTFBG. Aimed at overcoming these bottlenecks, a

process that combines constant-low-temperature and variable-high-temperature annealing is used to reduce the thermal

slope of the CTFBG. Also, a segmented-corrosion cladding power stripping technology is used on the CTFBG to remove

the Stokes light which is coupled to the cladding, which solves the problem of overheating in the coating of the CTFBG.

Thereby, a CTFBG with both a kilowatt-level power-carrying load and the ability to suppress SRS in a ﬁber laser has

been developed. Further, we establish a kW-level CW oscillator to test the CTFBG. Experimental results demonstrate

that the power-carrying load of the CTFBG is close to 1 kW, the thermal slope is lower than 0.015

◦

C/W, and the SRS

suppression ratio is nearly 23 dB.

Keywords: chirped and tilted ﬁber Bragg gratings; ﬁber optics components; high-power ﬁber laser; stimulated Raman scattering

1. Introduction

Fiber lasers have been widely used in many ﬁelds, in-

cluding industrial processing

[1, 2]

, biomedicine

[3, 4]

and

communication

[5]

, due to their compact structure, high

efﬁciency and high spatial beam quality

[6]

. With increasing

demand for high power, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)

has become one of the main factors limiting the development

of ﬁber lasers

[7]

. To solve this problem in recent years,

an increasing number of researchers have focused their

attention on using specially structured ﬁber gratings to

suppress the SRS in ﬁber lasers.

One such method is to use long-period ﬁber gratings

(LPGs). LPGs, usually used in the sensing ﬁeld

[8, 9]

, can

couple the forward-propagating core modes to the forward-

propagating cladding modes. Therefore, a speciﬁc wave-

length of light can be coupled from the core to the cladding

by controlling the period of the LPG. In 2010, Nodop

Correspondence to: H. Shen, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid

Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094,

China. Email: edward bayun@163.com

et al.

[10, 11]

used this characteristic of LPGs to suppress SRS

in pulsed ﬁber lasers with an average power of 70 µW and

a suppression ratio exceeding 20 dB (99%). However, LPGs

are sensitive to temperature, strain and bending, which leads

to a drift in the cladding-mode resonances and a reduction of

the suppression ratio. Another approach is to use CTFBGs.

Unlike LPGs, CTFBGs can couple the forward-propagating

core modes to the backward-propagating cladding modes.

Furthermore, compared with LPGs, the period of a CTFBG

is much smaller, which means the cladding-mode resonances

of CTFBGs change only slightly under the inﬂuence of

temperature, strain and bending. This makes CTFBGs the

preferred method of suppressing SRS by ﬁber gratings. In

2014, Liu et al.

[12]

introduced chirp into a TFBG and real-

ized the design and inscription of a CTFBG with broadband

ﬁltering for the ﬁrst time. Moreover, potential applications

of CTFBGs in the ﬁeld of sensing and communication were

also proposed. Wang et al.

[13]

ﬁrst applied a CTFBG to

a 22 W low-power CW ﬁber laser to suppress the SRS in

2017, and reported a 25 dB (99.68%) SRS suppression ratio.

Further, they achieved inscription of a CTFBG in PS-GDF-

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千瓦级啁啾倾斜光纤布拉格光栅的制备及其在高功率连续波振荡器中抑制受激拉曼散射的应用

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