《Network Warrior 第2版》- 思科网络工程师必读

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"Network.Warrior.思科网络工程师必备手册(第2版)" 是一本由Gary A. Donahue编写的关于网络工程的专业书籍，主要面向思科网络技术。这本书由O'Reilly Media, Inc.出版，适用于教育、商业和销售推广。书中可能涵盖了网络设计、实施、维护和故障排除等多个方面的内容。本书的第二版在2011年发布，相较于第一版可能包含了更新的技术信息和行业动态。编辑Mike Loukides负责了内容的编排，而生产编辑Adam Zaremba则负责了出版流程的管理。此外，Amy Thomson担任了校对工作，Rachel Monaghan负责了校阅，Molly Sharp参与了生产服务，Lucie Haskins编纂了索引，封面设计由Karen Montgomery完成，内页设计出自David Futato之手，插图由Robert Romano绘制。 "Network Warrior"这一书名暗示了它旨在培养和提升读者在网络领域的实战能力，可能是通过深入浅出地讲解网络基础知识，如TCP/IP协议、路由与交换技术、网络安全和网络故障诊断等。同时，书中可能还涵盖了思科认证的相关知识，如CCNA（Cisco Certified Network Associate）和CCNP（Cisco Certified Network Professional）等。书中的"German Shepherd"形象可能代表了网络战士需要像警犬一样敏锐、忠诚，时刻保护和维护网络的安全稳定。这与网络工程师的角色相吻合，他们在网络环境中扮演着守护者的角色，确保数据的顺畅传输和系统的安全运行。作为一本全面的网络工程指南，"Network.Warrior.思科网络工程师必备手册(第2版)" 可能是网络从业者、学生和对网络技术感兴趣的读者的重要参考资料，它提供了实用的技术指导和深入的理论知识，帮助读者提升网络技术水平。

Nonpriority Queue Too Large 624

Default Queue Too Small 626

Default Queue Too Large 626

35. Designing Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Documentation 627

Requirements Documents 628

Port Layout Spreadsheets 629

IP and VLAN Spreadsheets 633

Bay Face Layouts 634

Power and Cooling Requirements 634

Tips for Network Diagrams 636

Naming Conventions for Devices 637

Network Designs 639

Corporate Networks 639

Ecommerce Websites 643

Modern Virtual Server Environments 648

Small Networks 648

36. IP Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Public Versus Private IP Space 649

VLSM 652

CIDR 654

Allocating IP Network Space 656

Allocating IP Subnets 658

Sequential 658

Divide by Half 660

Reverse Binary 660

IP Subnetting Made Easy 663

37. IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Addressing 673

Subnet Masks 675

Address Types 675

Subnetting 677

NAT 678

Simple Router Configuration 679

38.

Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

What Is Accurate Time? 689

NTP Design 691

Configuring NTP 693

NTP Client 693

xiv | Table of Contents

Preface

The examples used in this book are taken from my own experiences, as well as from

the experiences of those with or for whom I have had the pleasure of working. Of course,

for obvious legal and honorable reasons, the exact details and any information that

might reveal the identities of the other parties involved have been changed.

Cisco equipment is used for the examples within this book and, with very few excep-

tions, the examples are TCP/IP-based. You may argue that a book of this type should

include examples using different protocols and equipment from a variety of vendors,

and, to a degree, that argument is valid. However, a book that aims to cover the breadth

of technologies contained herein, while also attempting to show examples of these

technologies from the point of view of different vendors, would be quite an impractical

size. The fact is that Cisco Systems (much to the chagrin of its competitors, I’m sure)

is the premier player in the networking arena. Likewise, TCP/IP is the protocol of the

Internet, and the protocol used by most networked devices. Is it the best protocol for

the job? Perhaps not, but it is the protocol in use today, so it’s what I’ve used in all my

examples. Not long ago, the Cisco CCIE exam still included Token Ring Source Route

Bridging, AppleTalk, and IPX. Those days are gone, however, indicating that even Cisco

understands that TCP/IP is where everyone is heading. I have included a chapter on

IPv6 in this edition, since it looks like we’re heading that way eventually.

WAN technology can include everything from dial-up modems (which, thankfully, are

becoming quite rare) to T1, DS3, SONET, MPLS, and so on. We will look at many of

these topics, but we will not delve too deeply into them, for they are the subject of entire

books unto themselves—some of which may already sit next to this one on your

O’Reilly bookshelf.

Again, all the examples used in this book are drawn from real experiences, most of

which I faced myself during my career as a networking engineer, consultant, manager,

and director. I have run my own company and have had the pleasure of working with

some of the best people in the industry. The solutions presented in these chapters are

the ones my teams and I discovered or learned about in the process of resolving the

issues we encountered.

xvii

I faced a very tough decision when writing the second edition of this book. Should I

keep the CatOS commands or discard them in favor of newer Nexus NX-OS examples?

This decision was tough not only because my inclusion of CatOS resulted in some praise

from my readers, but also because as of this writing in early 2011, I’m still seeing CatOS

switches running in large enterprise and ecommerce networks. As such, I decided to

keep the CatOS examples and simply add NX-OS commands.

I have added many topics in this book based mostly on feedback from readers. New

topics include Cisco Nexus, wireless, MPLS, IPv6, and Voice over IP (VoIP). Some of

these topics are covered in depth, and others, such as MPLS, are purposely light for

reasons outlined in the chapters. Topics such as Nexus and VoIP are vast and added

significantly to the page count of an already large and expensive book. I have also

removed the chapters on server load balancing, both because I was never really happy

with those chapters and because I could not get my hands on an ACE module or ap-

pliance in order to update the examples.

On the subject of examples, I have updated them to reflect newer hardware in every

applicable chapter. Where I used 3550 switches in the first edition, I now use 3750s.

Where I used PIX firewalls, I now use ASA appliances. I have also included examples

from Cisco Nexus switches in every chapter that I felt warranted them. Many chapters

therefore have examples from Cat-OS, IOS, and NX-OS. Enjoy them, because I guar-

antee that CatOS will not survive into the third edition.

Who Should Read This Book

This book is intended for anyone with first-level certification knowledge of data net-

working. Anyone with a CCNA or equivalent (or greater) knowledge should benefit

from this book. My goal in writing Network Warrior is to explain complex ideas in an

easy-to-understand manner. While the book contains introductions to many topics,

you can also consider it a reference for executing common tasks related to those topics.

I am a teacher at heart, and this book allows me to teach more people than I’d ever

thought possible. I hope you will find the discussions both informative and enjoyable.

I have noticed over the years that people in the computer, networking, and telecom

industries are often misinformed about the basics of these disciplines. I believe that in

many cases, this is the result of poor teaching or the use of reference material that does

not convey complex concepts well. With this book, I hope to show people how easy

some of these concepts are. Of course, as I like to say, “It’s easy when you know how,”

so I have tried very hard to help anyone who picks up my book understand the ideas

contained herein.

If you are reading this, my guess is that you would like to know more about networking.

So would I! Learning should be a never-ending adventure, and I am honored that you

have let me be a part of your journey. I have been studying and learning about com-

puters, networking, and telecom for the last 29 years, and my journey will never end.

xviii | Preface

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