利用Django打造实战电子商务平台指南

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《从入门到精通：利用Django构建电子商务平台》是一本由Jim McGaw所著的专业书籍，专为Python开发者特别是中级水平的爱好者以及电子商务平台开发者提供深入的指导。本书是"Beginning Django"系列的一部分，旨在帮助读者学习如何利用Django框架开发高效、安全的电子商务解决方案。在《Beginning Django E-Commerce》中，作者详细介绍了如何在Django平台上搭建电子商务基础设施，包括但不限于网站架构设计、用户认证、购物车管理、订单处理、支付集成、库存控制等关键功能。读者可以借此了解如何创建一个完整的在线商店，实现商品展示、搜索、分类、评论和促销等功能。书中涵盖了以下核心知识点： 1. **Django基础知识**：首先，读者将回顾Django的基本概念，如视图(Views)、模板(Templates)、URL映射(URL Routing)以及模型(Model)的定义，确保对这个强大的Web框架有坚实的理解。 2. **Django应用开发**：针对电子商务场景，作者会讲解如何创建和管理应用，如用户账户管理、商品管理、订单处理等，涉及数据库设计和ORM(对象关系映射)的使用。 3. **前端技术**：除了后端开发，还会介绍如何与HTML、CSS和JavaScript配合，创建响应式和用户友好的界面，以及如何使用Bootstrap或自定义CSS来提升用户体验。 4. **安全性和性能优化**：电子商务网站的安全至关重要，书中会讨论如何防止SQL注入、XSS攻击，以及如何通过缓存、静态文件分发等技术提高网站性能。 5. **支付集成**：作者会讲解如何与各种支付网关（如PayPal、Stripe）进行集成，确保交易过程的顺利进行。 6. **测试和部署**：包括单元测试、集成测试以及生产环境部署的最佳实践，帮助读者确保项目的稳定性和可扩展性。《Beginning Django E-Commerce》不仅是初学者的实用指南，也是经验丰富的开发者的参考手册。它不仅提供了理论知识，还包含了大量的代码示例和实战项目，使读者能够迅速上手并掌握Django开发电商系统的实际操作。无论是希望通过Django进一步提升技能，还是想要建立自己的电子商务平台，这本书都是不可或缺的资源。

■ CONTENTS

xvii

About the Technical Reviewer

■

George Vilches is a software engineer and systems administrator with an

unabashed fondness for Python and the web in both disciplines. In the last three

years, he has made several contributions to Django, with a focus on the ORM and

administrative side of things. He was a principal engineer with Propeller

(http://propeller.com), and continues to build Django applications with

Fortune Cookie Studios, (http://fcstudios.com).

George's personal time is split evenly over tinkering with open source

projects and enjoying the company of his wife Kate, corgi and two cats, all of

whom would prefer he stop tinkering and attend to them more.

■ INTRODUCTION

xix

Introduction

I read a lot of technical books about software and computer programming. This isn't because I have a

great fondness for reading, nor do I actually like owning a massive collection of computer books that's

slowly beginning to overtake every room in my home. I do it because at any given time, I'm usually

working on a programming project and am faced with a dozen problems that I need to solve. These

unsolved problems fester in my head. They scrape away at the surface of my brain like jagged rusty metal

hooks. These books provide me sweet relief from these pains.

In my experience, there are two types of computer books: those that act as reference guides and

those that act as tutorials. This book falls squarely in the latter category. While you need both tutorial

and reference books in order to learn something, I tend to like tutorial books better, simply because they

aid you in making better use of the reference books. For this reason, over the course of this book, we will

be building one single Django project, to which we will add new features with each chapter and learn

new parts of the Django web framework as we go.

There are lots and lots of Django apps floating around on the web. Many of these will contain

perfectly good–and in some cases, absolutely spectacular–working code that you can use on your site.

In other cases, the code is less than great, but still works. While I've taken a snippet of code from the

open source community here and there throughout this book, I've mostly gone the do-it-myself route

and implemented things from scratch. The reason for this is simple: when you're learning, rolling your

own solutions at a lower level instead of just plugging in an app you found ready-made on Google Code

or Django Snippets is much better for making the basic concepts stick to your brain. The drawback of

this approach, of course, is that there are parts of the site we're going to develop in this book that are

greatly simplified.

However, when you use snippets of code samples that are posted in various corners of the Internet

by people all over world, you will still encounter problems. You'll get weird errors when you hook the

new code into your site, and you'll end up having to read the Django docs and Django blogs and Django

books to determine what's going wrong. My hope is that, after working through the examples in this

book, you'll not only be much more adept at developing complex and powerful code with Django from

scratch, you'll also have a much better grasp of dealing with these kinds of integration problems with

existing third-party solutions when they arise. On top of this, you might also find yourself working to

extend the functionality of an existing solution to suit your own needs, which is a good ability to have as

well.

Who This Book Is For

This book is aimed at developers who are interested in learning more about the process of how to create

a Django web site. Over the course of the book, we're going to create a single working e-commerce web

site that we'll deploy into production at the very end. In each chapter, we'll tackle a particular feature or

group of features that we want to add to the site, outline the requirements and discuss the related

concepts, and then write code to implement each feature using Django. This will allow you to see how

the different parts of a single Django project all fit together. In the end, you'll have a thorough grasp of

■ INTRODUCTION

how a Django web application is created, secured, optimized for search engines, tested, and finally

deployed.

We're going to create a shopping cart site in this book, and while some of the sections cover

problems that are specific to e-commerce web sites, most of the content has applications to other types

of sites as well. For example, Chapter 8 covers implementation of internal site search so that customers

can find things in our product catalog. Search functionality is a requirement of almost any data-driven

web site. In Chapter 4, we create a shopping cart for our product catalog, allowing customers to

aggregate products before they check out, and here you'll learn more about how you can use Django

sessions in order to track information about your customers, whether or not they are logged in. The

checkout functionality created in Chapter 5 covers the basics of Python network programming in order

to integrate with third-party payment gateways, and the material covered is useful to anyone interested

in integrating Django with web services.

This book does assume familiarity with the Python programming language. If you're a complete

beginner and have never worked with Python, don't worry... it's a very simple language and you'll be

able to catch on very quickly. If you're new to programming and would like an introduction, I'd suggest

you take a look at Beginning Python: Second Edition, by Magnus Lie Hetland (Apress, 2008). If you're

already familiar with at least one other programming language and just need to get caught up on the

syntax of Python, I can heartily recommend you read Dive Into Python, by Mark Pilgram (Apress, 2004).

The Web Sites In This Book

In this book, I'm going to build a fictional e-commerce site that sells musical instruments and sheet

music. The name of the site is "Modern Musician." Developers in the Django community have a

penchant for naming their apps and projects after old-time musicians, like John Coltrane, Louis

“Satchmo” Armstrong, and Duke Ellington. This tradition was started by the creators of the Django web

framework, who chose to name it after guitarist Django Reinhardt, who is regarded by many as one of

the greatest jazz guitarists of all time.

It didn’t dawn on me until around the time I started writing Chapter 13 that the name "Modern

Musician" might be construed as a tongue-in-cheek reference to this tradition in the Django

community. In my defense, I originally created the Modern Musician e-commerce site in PHP, as a

demo e-commerce site. Later, I implemented roughly the same Modern Musician site using Ruby on

Rails, for the sole purpose of learning Rails. So when I got around to spawning this little project in

Django, the last thing on my mind when naming the project was any attempt at ridicule. I did so out of

tradition.

In the first 15 chapters of this book, we’re going to build a single e-commerce web site. For those

interested, the site we’re going to create is available for public viewing at

http://www.django-

ecommerce.com/

. While an administrative interface is part of the site that we’re going to create in this book,

the public site does not permit altering of data in the product catalog.

In Chapter 16, when we look at putting Django projects up on the Google App Engine, we’re going to

create a minimal shopping cart site, which is also available for public viewing at

http://django-

ecommerce.appspot.com/

Source Code and Errata

We’re going to write a lot of code in this book. It’s not an overbearing amount, as Python is a very

concise language and Django syntax tends to reduce the amount of repetitive code that you need to

write. In spite of this, you still might find yourself wanting to have a copy of the code on hand so that you

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