科学家入门指南：MATLAB编程实战

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"《编程与科学家一起使用MATLAB：初学者入门》是一本由尤金尼·米哈伊洛夫编写的英文书籍，针对想要在科学研究中开始使用MATLAB编程的初学者设计。这本书是CRC Press出版于2017年，作为Taylor & Francis Group的一部分，它充分利用了MATLAB和Simulink这两个著名的数学软件产品，但需注意，MathWorks并不保证书中内容的准确性或练习题的正确性，并且使用这些产品的描述并不意味着MathWorks对特定的教学方法或软件使用的官方认可。本书的主要内容围绕MATLAB的基础知识和在科学研究中的应用展开，包括但不限于编程基础、数据处理、数值计算、图形绘制、函数创建、矩阵操作、控制结构以及利用Simulink进行系统建模和仿真。作者将理论与实践相结合，帮助读者理解MATLAB如何在科研工作中简化复杂任务，提高效率。在学习过程中，书中可能会引用来自权威和备受尊重的资料，部分内容是经过许可重印的，并标明了出处。由于版权原因，国际标准书号(ISBN)为1-4987-3831-6(eISBN)，并且该书是在美国使用环保纸张印制。对于那些初次接触MATLAB并希望将其应用于科学项目的人来说，这是一本不可或缺的入门指南，它不仅教授技术知识，也强调了MATLAB在现代科研环境中的实用价值。无论你是物理学家、工程师还是数学家，这本书都能为你提供一个坚实的基础，让你逐步掌握这个强大的工具。在阅读时，建议使用FoxitReader、PDF-XChangeViewer、SumatraPDF或Firefox等兼容软件打开并确保良好的阅读体验。" 在学习过程中，读者可以期待逐步掌握以下几个关键技能： 1. MATLAB语言基础：变量声明、数据类型、控制结构（如if-else、for循环等）。 2. 数据操作：数组和矩阵运算、数据导入/导出、数据可视化。 3. 数值计算：数值方法、线性代数应用、优化算法。 4. 函数编写：模块化编程、自定义函数和子函数的创建。 5. 模拟与仿真：使用Simulink构建动态系统模型，分析和预测行为。 6. 实际案例分析：通过实例学习如何将MATLAB应用于实际科研问题中。在遇到问题或需要进一步深化理解时，建议参考美国亚马逊官网的详细信息，或者直接联系MathWorks获取技术支持或额外的学习资源。"

Part I

Computing Essentials

Computers and Programming Languages: An Introduction 5

feature that separates computers from their lesser ancestors is that computers can

be programmed for any general task without changing their hardware.

1.3 What Is Programming?

If computers are programmable, then we should be able to program them, that is,

generate a list of instructions suitable for execution by a computer. “Generate a

list of instructions” does not sound scary. What is the problem here? This is not a

trivial task; in fact, some refer to it as the art of programming.

Think about the following situation: you want to eat. So, the simplest program

to yourself: buy a pizza and eat. Sounds easy. Now, you start to split it into the list

of instructions suitable to your body: pick up a phone (mind that you need to ﬁnd

it ﬁrst, which is not trivial), p unch numbers (imagine how many instructions are

needed for your arm just to ﬂex a ﬁnger, point to a number, and punch), talk to a

human on the other end of the phone and make an order (this not trivial at all if

you try to split it into elementary op erations), wait for delivery, pay for delivery

(open a door, talk, ﬁnd a wallet, count money, give money, get change), bring a

box to the kitchen, open the box, get a slice, eat. Each of these operations needs to

be split into a set of even more elementary ones.

When you program a computer, not only do you need to implement all of these

tiny details, but you also have to do it in a foreign (to you) language, which is not

even designed for humans.

However, the author put all of the above into the “coding” category. This is

relatively easy; a harder problem is to think a head and design a safety net for every

operation (what to do if the pizza is cold or you dial a wrong number). But this is

still relatively easy. The ability to spot mistakes in seemingly correct program ﬂow

and ﬁx it (i.e., debugging) is the difﬁcult skill to acquire. Scientiﬁc programming

is even harder; you are often the ﬁrst person doing a particular calculation, and

there is no reference to check it against. For example, how would you know that

your calculation of the trillionth digit of π is correct if you are the ﬁrst to do it?

Whenever possible, the author will show alternative routes to check or test

programs throughout the book. Eventually, you should look for test cases on a

subconscious level when you program. Anyone can code, but only a true master

can say with some certainty

that the program is correct and does what it was

designed for.

1.4 Programming Languages Overview

There are literally hundreds of programming languages. Unfortunately, none of

them is the “silver bullet” language that is good for every situation.

†

Some of

the programming languages are better for speed, some for conciseness, some

Computer scientists have a theorem that states that it is impossible to prove the correctness of a

general (complex enough) program. It is the so-called halting problem.

†

The author knows only 10 of all languages and actively uses about 4 in everyday work.

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