Testing for a Null Variable 44
Directly Access the Value of the Last Positional Parameter, $# 45
Remove the Columns Heading in a Command Output 45
Arrays 46
Loading an Array 46
Testing a String 47
Summary 51
Chapter 2 Twelve Ways to Process a File Line by Line 53
Command Syntax 53
Using File Descriptors 54
Creating a Large File to Use in the Timing Test 54
Twelve Methods to Parse a File Line by Line 56
Method 1: cat $FILENAME | while read LINE 57
Method 2: while read $FILENAME from Bottom 58
Method 3: while_line_LINE_Bottom 58
Method 4: cat $FILENAME | while LINE=`line` 59
Method 5: cat $FILENAME | while line LINE 60
Method 6: while LINE=`line` from the Bottom 61
Method 7: cat $FILENAME | while LINE=$(line) 61
Method 8: while LINE=$(line) from the Bottom 62
Method 9: while read LINE Using File Descriptors 63
Method 10: while LINE=’line’ Using File Descriptors 64
Method 11: while LINE=$(line) Using File Descriptors 65
Method 12: while line LINE Using File Descriptors 66
Timing Each Method 66
Timing Script 67
Timing Data for Each Method 73
Timing Command Substitution Methods 77
Summary 78
Chapter 3 Automated Event Notification 79
Basics of Automating Event Notification 79
Using the mail and mailx Commands 80
Problems with Outbound Mail 82
Create a “Bounce” Account with a .forward File 82
Using the sendmail Command to Send Outbound Mail 83
Dial-Out Modem Software 84
SNMP Traps 85
Summary 86
Chapter 4 Progress Indicator Using a Series of Dots,
a Rotating Line, or a Countdown to Zero 87
Indicating Progress with a Series of Dots 87
Indicating Progress with a Rotating Line 89
Creating a Countdown Indicator 91
Other Options to Consider 95
Summary 96
Contents xi
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