精通Emacs Org-Mode：组织与管理利器

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"emacs-lisp-org.pdf" 是一份关于 Emacs 的 Org-Mode 的详细指南，由 Carsten Dominik 主编，多位贡献者共同编撰。手册适用于 Org-Mode 版本 9.0.9。这份文档遵循 GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 或更高版本的许可协议。 Org-Mode 是 Emacs 中一个强大的组织和管理工具，用于笔记、项目管理和任务跟踪。它以其简洁的标记语法和丰富的功能而著名，是程序员、作家和知识工作者的首选工具。 1. **文档结构**：Org-Mode 提供了一种层次化的结构来组织内容，类似于大纲。你可以通过星号(*)的数量来创建不同的级别，例如一级标题(***), 二级标题(**), 以此类推。 2. **表格**：Org-Mode 支持在文本中创建和编辑表格，只需简单的语法就能快速创建和操作，包括合并单元格、排序等功能。 3. **超链接**：Org-Mode 支持创建内部和外部链接，方便在文档内部跳转或链接到互联网资源。 4. **待办事项(TODO items)**：Org-Mode 强大的任务管理功能，允许你创建 TODO 项，并跟踪其状态（如 TODO、DONE、WAITING 等）。 5. **标签(Tags)**：标签用于分类和过滤内容，可以附加到任何条目上，以便于组织和查找相关信息。 6. **属性(Properties)和列(Columns)**：属性提供了额外的数据存储，列视图则允许在缓冲区中以表格形式查看这些属性，方便数据管理和分析。 7. **日期和时间(Dates and times)**：Org-Mode 支持智能的日期和时间处理，包括自动计算日期、设置提醒和调度等。 8. **捕获(Capture)、重新整理(Refile)和存档(Archive)**：这三个功能帮助用户快速记录想法、重新组织信息和归档已完成的项目。 9. **日程视图(Agenda views)**：提供多种视图来查看和计划任务，如日视图、周视图、月视图等，可自定义筛选条件和组合视图。 10. **富文本格式(Markup for rich export)**：Org-Mode 的标记语言可以转换为 HTML、LaTeX、PDF 等多种格式，支持导出带有样式和图像的复杂文档。 11. **导出(Exporting)**：Org-Mode 提供了强大的导出功能，可以将文档导出为 HTML、PDF、Markdown 等多种格式，便于分享和发布。 12. **发布(Publishing)**：这个特性允许你自动将 Org-Mode 文档发布到 Web 服务器或其他位置，支持自定义样式和自动化工作流程。 13. **源代码块(Source blocks)**：Org-Mode 支持内嵌各种编程语言的源代码，并能进行语法高亮、执行代码和嵌入结果。 Emacs Org-Mode 是一个强大且灵活的工具，不仅用于个人笔记和任务管理，还可以作为项目协作、文档编写和知识管理的平台。通过深入学习和使用，可以极大地提高工作效率和组织能力。

Chapter 1: Introduction 5

TODO keywords, tags, properties, etc.

Org mainly uses three types of keywords: TODO keywords, tags and property names. In

this manual we use the following conventions:

TODO

WAITING TODO keywords are written with all capitals, even if they are user-deﬁned.

boss

ARCHIVE User-deﬁned tags are written in lowercase; built-in tags with special meaning

are written with all capitals.

Release

PRIORITY User-deﬁned properties are capitalized; built-in properties with special meaning

are written with all capitals.

Moreover, Org uses option keywords (like #+TITLE to set the title) and environment

keywords (like #+BEGIN_EXPORT html to start a HTML environment). They are written in

uppercase in the manual to enhance its readability, but you can use lowercase in your Org

ﬁle.

Key bindings and commands

The manual suggests a few global key bindings, in particular C-c a for org-agenda and C-c

c for org-capture. These are only suggestions, but the rest of the manual assumes that

these key bindings are in place in order to list commands by key access.

Also, the manual lists both the keys and the corresponding commands for accessing

a functionality. Org mode often uses the same key for diﬀerent functions, depending on

context. The command that is bound to such keys has a generic name, like org-metaright.

In the manual we will, wherever possible, give the function that is internally called by

the generic command. For example, in the chapter on document structure, M-right will

be listed to call org-do-demote, while in the chapter on tables, it will be listed to call

org-table-move-column-right. If you prefer, you can compile the manual without the

command names by unsetting the ﬂag cmdnames in org.texi.

Chapter 2: Document structure 6

2 Document structure

Org is based on Outline mode and provides ﬂexible commands to edit the structure of the

document.

2.1 Outlines

Org is implemented on top of Outline mode. Outlines allow a document to be organized

in a hierarchical structure, which (at least for me) is the best representation of notes and

thoughts. An overview of this structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the

document to show only the general document structure and the parts currently being worked

on. Org greatly simpliﬁes the use of outlines by compressing the entire show/hide function-

ality into a single command, org-cycle, which is bound to the TAB key.

2.2 Headlines

Headlines deﬁne the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in Org start with one or

more stars, on the left margin

. For example:

* Top level headline

** Second level

*** 3rd level

some text

*** 3rd level

more text

* Another top level headline

Note that a headline named after org-footnote-section, which defaults to ‘Footnotes’,

is considered as special. A subtree with this headline will be silently ignored by exporting

functions.

Some people ﬁnd the many stars too noisy and would prefer an outline that has white-

space followed by a single star as headline starters. Section 15.8 [Clean view], page 231,

describes a setup to realize this.

An empty line after the end of a subtree is considered part of it and will be hidden when

the subtree is folded. However, if you leave at least two empty lines, one empty line will

remain visible after folding the subtree, in order to structure the collapsed view. See the

variable org-cycle-separator-lines to modify this behavior.

2.3 Visibility cycling

2.3.1 Global and local cycling

Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buﬀer. Org uses just two commands,

bound to TAB and S-TAB to change the visibility in the buﬀer.

See the variables org-special-ctrl-a/e, org-special-ctrl-k, and org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree to

conﬁgure special behavior of C-a, C-e, and C-k in headlines.

Clocking only works with headings indented less than 30 stars.

Chapter 2: Document structure 7

TAB org-cycle

Subtree cycling: Rotate current subtree among the states

,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.

'-----------------------------------'

The cursor must be on a headline for this to work

. When the cursor is at the

beginning of the buﬀer and the ﬁrst line is not a headline, then TAB actually

runs global cycling (see below)

. Also when called with a preﬁx argument (C-u

TAB), global cycling is invoked.

S-TAB org-global-cycle

C-u TAB Global cycling: Rotate the entire buﬀer among the states

,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.

'--------------------------------------'

When S-TAB is called with a numeric preﬁx argument N, the CONTENTS view

up to headlines of level N will be shown. Note that inside tables, S-TAB jumps

to the previous ﬁeld.

C-u C-u TAB org-set-startup-visibility

Switch back to the startup visibility of the buﬀer (see

Section 2.3.2 [Initial

visibility], page 8).

C-u C-u C-u TAB outline-show-all

Show all, including drawers.

C-c C-r org-reveal

Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the following heading

and the hierarchy above. Useful for working near a location that has been

exposed by a sparse tree command (see Section 2.6 [Sparse trees], page 11) or

an agenda command (see Section 10.5 [Agenda commands], page 114). With a

preﬁx argument show, on each level, all sibling headings. With a double preﬁx

argument, also show the entire subtree of the parent.

C-c C-k outline-show-branches

Expose all the headings of the subtree, CONTENT view for just one subtree.

C-c TAB outline-show-children

Expose all direct children of the subtree. With a numeric preﬁx argument N,

expose all children down to level N.

C-c C-x b org-tree-to-indirect-buffer

Show the current subtree in an indirect buﬀer

. With a numeric preﬁx argument

N, go up to level N and then take that tree. If N is negative then go up that

many levels. With a C-u preﬁx, do not remove the previously used indirect

buﬀer.

see, however, the option org-cycle-emulate-tab.

see the option org-cycle-global-at-bob.

The indirect buﬀer (see Section “Indirect Buﬀers” in GNU Emacs Manual) will contain the entire buﬀer,

but will be narrowed to the current tree. Editing the indirect buﬀer will also change the original buﬀer,

but without aﬀecting visibility in that buﬀer.

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