BIOS中断与视频及磁盘功能手册

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"BIOS中断手册详细列出了在IBM PC兼容系统中使用的BIOS中断及其相关功能，主要涵盖视频、配置检测、内存大小检测和磁盘操作等关键领域。" 在操作系统中，BIOS（基本输入输出系统）扮演着初始化硬件和提供低级服务的角色。BIOS中断是操作系统与硬件之间通信的重要桥梁，允许软件调用特定的硬件功能。手册中的"Appendix B BIOS Interrupts and Functions"详细介绍了这些中断以及它们的功能。 1. **视频函数**： - `INT 10H` 提供了一系列子功能来管理视频显示，包括设置视频模式（00H）、定义光标类型（01H）、定位光标（02H）、读取光标位置（03H）、获取光标位置（04H）、选择当前显示页（05H）、初始化窗口/滚动文本（06H和07H）、读取字符/属性（08H）、写入字符/属性（09H）、仅写入字符（OAH）、选择调色板（OBH，两个子功能0和1）、写入图形像素（OCH）、读取图形像素（ODH）以及读取显示模式（OFH）。 2. **配置检测**： - `INT 11H` 用于确定系统的配置信息，这在系统启动或诊断时非常有用。例如，`INT 118` 可能会帮助系统识别已连接的设备或获取硬件配置详情。 3. **内存大小检测**： - `INT 12H` 用于检测系统内存的大小，这对于合理分配系统资源至关重要。`INT 128` 提供了关于系统内存容量的具体信息。 4. **磁盘操作**： - `INT 13H` 是磁盘操作的核心中断，它提供了对软盘系统的基本控制。这些功能包括重置软盘系统（00H）、读取磁盘状态（01H）、读取磁盘数据（02H）、写入磁盘数据（03H）、验证磁盘扇区（04H）、格式化磁道（06H）等。这些功能对于磁盘的读写、错误检查和数据恢复至关重要。这些中断函数是早期DOS和基于DOS的应用程序的基础，即使在现代操作系统中，某些低级别的硬件访问仍然可能依赖于BIOS中断。理解并掌握这些中断的使用方法对于系统程序员和硬件调试者来说是至关重要的。

Abacus

AppendiJc

BIOS Interrupts

and

P/U'lCtions

Remarks:

The number

the display page depends on the number

display pages

made available to the video

card.

This function can also be called in graphic mode. The function compares

the bit pattern

the character

the

screen

with the bit pattern

the

character in character ROM

the video card and with the character

patterns stored in a RAM table whose addresses appear

interrupt IFH.

the character cannot be identified, the

after

the

function call.

The contents

the BX, CX,

registers and the SS, CS and

segment registers

are

not affected by this function. The contents

the

other registers may change, especially

the

SI and DI registers.

Interrupt

IOU,

function 09U BIOS

Video: Write character/attribute

Writes a character with a certain color (attribute)

the current cursor position in a

predefined

display

page.

Input:

AH=

09H

= Display page number

= Number

times

write

the

character

ASCII

code

the

character

= Attribute

Output:

output

Remarks:

the character should be displayed several times (the value

the CX

line in the graphic mode.

The control codes (e.g., bell, carriage return)

appear

as normal ASCII

codes.

This function can display characters in graphic mode. The patterns

the

characters, with the codes from 0

127,

are

determined by a table in

ROM. The patterns

the

characters with the codes

from

128

255

are

determined by a

RAM

table that was previously installed by OOS the

GRAFfABL

command.

text mode, the contents of the BL register define the attribute byte

the character.

graphic mode this register determines the color

the

character. The

64Ox200

bitmap mode only allows the values 0 and 1 for

selecting colors

from

the color palette. The 320x200

bibDap

mode only

allows the values 0

for

selecting colors

from

the color palette.

the graphic mode is active during character output and bit 7

the BL

set,

exclusive OR is performed on the character pattern and

the

graphic pixels behind the character pattern.

721

Appendix

BIOS

/nurrllpts

and

FlUlClions

System

Programming

After character output, the cursor remains in the same position

the

character.

The

contents

the

BX,

ex,

registers

and

the

SS,

and

segment registers

are

not

affected

this function.

The

contents

all

other registers may change, especially the

and

registers.

Interrupt

IOU,

function

OAU

BIOS

Video: Write character

Writes a character

to the current cursor position

a predefined display page by

using

the color

the character previously

this position.

Input:

AR=

OAR

BH = Display page number

= Number

times to write the character

ASCII

code

the

chamcter

Output:

output

Remarks:

the

character should

displayed several times (the value

the

must

fit

into the current screen

line in the graphic mode.

The

control codes (e.g., bell, carriage return) appear

normal

ASeII

codes.

This function can display characters

graphic mode. The patterns

the

characters with the codes from 0

to 127

are

determined by a table in

ROM

and

the

patterns

the characters with

the

codes from 128 to 255

are

determined

RAM

table previously installed

the

GRAFf

ABL

command.

In text mode, the contents

the

byte

the character. In graphic mode this register determines the color

the

character. The 640x200 bitmap mode only allows the values 0 and 1 for

selecting colors from the color palette.

The

320x200 bitmap mode only

allows the values 0

to 3 for selecting colors from the color palette.

the graphic mode is active during character output

and

bit

the

set, an exclusive

performed on the character pattern

and

the

graphic pixels behind the character pattern.

The

cursor remains in the same position after character output.

The

contents

the

BX,

ex,

registers and the

SS,

and

segment registers

are

not

affected by this function.

The

contents

all

other registers may change, especially

the

and

registers.

722

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