局部热刺激对大脑反应的影响：EEG研究

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"Effects of stimulus mode and ambient temperature on cerebral responses to local thermal stimulation: An EEG study" 这篇研究论文由Bin Lv、Chang Su、Lei Yang和Tongning Wu等人撰写，发表在《国际心理生理学杂志》上，探讨了刺激模式和环境温度对局部热刺激时大脑反应的影响。通过使用脑电图（EEG）技术，研究人员深入研究了人体在不同刺激温度（38°C, 40°C, 42°C, 44°C）和不同环境温度下的生理响应。研究的主要焦点是局部热刺激，尤其是对手部的刺激。通常，关于人体对热刺激的生理反应的研究大多集中在全身性热刺激上，而该研究则将注意力集中在特定身体部位的热刺激及其对大脑活动的影响。实验中，研究人员使用了金属恒温器和恒温水刺激器两种不同的刺激模式来接触受试者的左手。在探讨刺激模式的影响时，研究可能比较了金属和水作为热传递介质时大脑反应的差异，这可能涉及到热传导速度、皮肤感受的均匀性等因素。同时，环境温度的变化也被考虑在内，因为它可能显著影响人体对局部热刺激的感知和反应。环境温度的改变可能会调整人体的热平衡状态，从而影响大脑处理这些刺激的方式。通过EEG记录，研究者可以监测到大脑皮层的电活动变化，这些变化反映了大脑对热刺激的处理和响应。EEG数据可能揭示了不同温度和刺激模式下，大脑的唤醒水平、感觉处理、疼痛阈值等相关神经活动的差异。此外，他们可能还分析了不同条件下α、β、θ和δ等不同频率带功率的变化，以了解大脑在不同刺激条件下的放松、警觉或疼痛反应状态。这篇未编辑的稿件在经过同行评审、校对和排版后，最终会以正式的出版形式发布。在审阅过程中，可能会发现并修正错误，但在此早期版本中，所有与该期刊相关的法律免责声明均适用。这项研究对于理解人体如何适应和处理局部热刺激，以及环境因素如何影响这种适应具有重要意义，对于未来在热疗、疼痛管理以及环境生理学等领域有潜在的应用价值。

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1. Introduction

Human perception evoked by thermal stimulation includes two types: thermal sensation and thermal comfort

(Hensel, 1981). Thermal sensation is described as a subjective response associated with the temperature

information of external objects or the environment which is evoked by warm and cold receptors in the skin. And

thermal comfort is usually considered as a combination of the subjective sensation and the objective interaction

with the environment (Nakamura et al., 2008). During the past several years, the thermal sensation and thermal

comfort research have attracted a lot of interest in the field of not only neurophysiology but also industrial

design (Dear et al., 2013). Understanding the mechanisms of thermal comfort will be beneficial to build a more

comfortable indoor environment or design the more efficient products like some wearable devices.

Since thermal comfort is a kind of subjective perception, investigators have made efforts to seek the objective

physiological parameters which are associated with the thermoregulation system of human body. There are a

large number of thermoreceptors over the human skin, thus the skin temperature has become the reliable

physiological indicator to predict the level of human thermal comfort and has been widely investigated in both

steady state and transient dynamic system (Bulcao et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2013). Besides the skin temperature,

heart rate variability has been suggested as another marker of thermal comfort that is accessible instrumentally

and potentially helpful in understanding the involved neural mechanisms (Liu et al., 2008; Yao et al., 2008; Yao et

al., 2009). Thermal comfort is considered as the condition of mind in which satisfaction is expressed with the

thermal environment (ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, 1993), the brain functional activities detected by

neuroimage and electrophysiological tools could be used to evaluate the human thermal comfort during various

thermal environments. Kanosue et al. utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect the

pattern of regional brain activation during whole body cooling (Kanosue et al., 2002). Their results revealed the

increased fMRI activation in the bilateral amygdala during the cold discomfort condition (Kanosue et al., 2002).

With positron emission tomography, researchers have determined the independent relationship between the

changes of regional cerebral blood flow in the posterior part of the cingulated cortex and the ratings of the

hedonic dimension of thermal sensation during whole body warming and cooling (Farrell et al., 2011).

Electroencephalograph (EEG) has also been used to investigate the cerebral response to thermal stimulation. The

global relative powers in EEG alpha and beta bands were found to be sensitive to human thermal sensation of

ambient temperatures (Yao et al., 2008; Yao et al., 2009). Most of these neurophysiological studies were

conducted on whole body thermal stimulation, and their results provided us more neurophysiological evidences

about the process of thermal sensation and thermal comfort in peripheral and central nervous system. However,

few researches focused on the local temperature stimulation. As we know, there are many factors that may

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