使用Unity和Maya创建3D游戏的国外教程

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"国外Unity教程，特别针对Unity3D，全英文内容，专注于3D游戏开发，适合进阶学习者。" 这篇教程“Creating Games with Unity and Maya”由Adam Watkins编写，是关于如何使用Unity 3D和Maya这两款强大的工具来开发有趣且具有市场潜力的3D游戏的指南。Unity 3D是一款流行的跨平台游戏引擎，它允许开发者创建高质量的2D和3D游戏，并支持多平台发布，包括PC、移动设备和游戏主机。而Maya则是Autodesk公司出品的专业3D建模、动画和渲染软件，广泛应用于电影、电视以及游戏制作。教程可能涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **Unity3D基础**：介绍Unity3D的基本界面、工作流程和项目设置，包括场景管理、游戏对象、组件、脚本系统以及资源导入与导出。 2. **C#编程**：Unity主要使用C#作为其脚本语言，因此教程会教授如何使用C#进行游戏逻辑控制、交互设计和数据管理。 3. **3D建模**：由于结合了Maya，教程会深入讲解如何在Maya中创建、修改和优化3D模型，然后导入到Unity中使用。 4. **纹理和材质**：介绍如何在Unity中应用纹理和材质，实现逼真的光照和阴影效果。 5. **动画系统**：讲解Unity的动画系统，包括蒙皮动画、混合树和状态机，以及与Maya的动画导出和同步。 6. **物理引擎**：介绍Unity的内置物理引擎，用于实现物体碰撞、重力和其他物理行为。 7. **光照和摄像机**：讲解如何利用Unity的光照系统创建动态光照效果，以及设置和操作摄像机以获得理想的视角。 8. **粒子系统**：学习创建火焰、烟雾、水流等视觉效果的粒子系统。 9. **UI设计**：教授如何构建用户界面（UI），包括按钮、文本、进度条等元素，以及如何与游戏逻辑交互。 10. **游戏逻辑**：通过实例教授如何设计和实现游戏机制，如关卡设计、敌人AI、得分系统等。 11. **性能优化**：讨论如何优化游戏性能，减少内存占用，提高帧率，确保游戏在不同设备上流畅运行。 12. **发布与部署**：介绍如何打包和发布游戏到不同的平台，如iOS、Android、Windows等。此教程适合已经有一定编程基础和3D软件使用经验的学习者，通过深入学习，可以提升开发3D游戏的专业技能。虽然全英文，但对有志于提升技术的开发者来说，这是一份非常有价值的资源。由于版权保护，未经许可不得复制或传播该书内容，但可以在出版社网站上获取授权信息。

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Introduction

Why This Book?

The Unity Game Engine has been shaking things up. The engine is only a little

over five years old now and in 2010 they have earned Develop Magazine's

Grand Prix Award and surpassed 170,000 developers. The user base of

consuming Unity products has grown dynamically as well. There are over

30 million total Unity Web Player installations, and the base continues to

expand at over 2 million installs per month.

Part of this success undoubtedly comes from their 2009 bold move to give

away a free version of Unity Indie. Suddenly, everyone could get their hands

on a game engine and anyone with the will to learn could start making

games. Unity further empowered the masses by making Unity a viable

development platform for iDevices (iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad), Mac, PC,

Xbox 360, Wii, and now Android and PlayStation 3. Web deployment further

democratized the 3D development and distribution process. At conferences

and online Unity is generating quite the buzz. Since I have been using the

software, conversations among faculty at training institutions and game

developers alike have gone from, “Unity? No, I've never heard of that. Is it

new?” to “Yeah, we're using Unity in three of our courses coming up this

semester,” and Skype tags that say, “I want Unity 3.0.”

But with all this buzz, and the rapid development and deployment cycle that

the Unity 3D team has undergone, there has been a distinct lack of introductory

documentation, especially documentation aimed at the entire process of game

development. In recent months there have been some new (and really nice)

books released to get people into Unity and it is true that Unity provides some

nice downloadable projects and some tutorials attached to those projects

(which you should grab for free if you haven't yet), but often while my students

(who are trained as 3D artists) have worked through these, although they

have become familiar with Unity's interface and with what does what, they are

simply unable to extrapolate this knowledge into a new “authored from scratch”

game. Further, most of the Unity 3D provided tutorials are focused on Unity and

provide prebuilt assets that the reader simply plugs into his or her Unity project.

This misses some of the vital creative processes and tricks of getting these

assets into Unity.

And so the impetus for this book emerged: create artist-driven, holistic

training modules that provide the theory of game development and the

methodology behind Unity that empower readers to create their own games.

xvi

Introduction

Who's It For?

My professional background recently has been developing training games

for inspectors in pursuit of nonproliferation efforts at the Los Alamos National

Laboratory. But this is a temporary assignment and part of a one-year research

sabbatical. I am on sabbatical from a position as head of 3D Animation at

the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio, TX where I have taught

3D animation for over 10 years. With this background, as I use tools, I am

always thinking of how this particular tool or technique can be taught, and

how it can be taught differently to different demographics.

In the construction of this book, there are three main groups of learners in mind:

• Game Enthusiasts: The biggest group of students we have coming

into our university are those with the idea, “I love to play video games,

therefore, I'll be great at making them.” Unfortunately this is often not

the case—consuming is much different than creating—but, this sort of

enthusiasm is important to maintain through the long learning arcs that

are required for making 3D games. This book assumes that, at the very

least, you love games. And that you are passionate enough about them

that you want to create your own games.

This volume is for you. Equipped with a free version of Unity and a

copy of Maya, this book will provide you with the necessary steps and

ideas to empower your own game creation. The book is organized

into manageable tutorials coupled with theory discussions so you can

see measurable progress quickly that you can bridge into your own

development. In a few days, or weeks, you could have your first tutorial-

driven game developed, and the scripts to begin your own.

• Students: Ten years ago, developing 3D animation programs was all the

rage at colleges and universities. This enthusiasm has crept into high

schools and even middle schools. With this 3D curriculum—of which

you may be a part—has come the natural desire to expand into game

development. This book has been specifically structured with you in mind.

The tutorials are structured so that they can be tackled in class or as part

of a homework assignment. The pacing has been carefully considered to

allow for bite-sized chunks of knowledge that are still delivered at a brisk

pace. Most importantly, each chapter builds on the next and allows for

real progress really quickly.

• Teachers: I have done a lot of training for teachers at colleges, universities,

and high schools. I have seen the panic in teachers’ eyes—the teachers

with little 3D or game training—but who have been tasked with

developing a game development curriculum and then teaching that

curriculum. To be sure, it is a daunting task, and one that is a little unfair to

saddle on a teacher with their other tasks. Have no fear though, this book

will help lighten the load.

xvii

Introduction

Included in the appendices for this book (on the supporting website

(http://www.Creating3DGames.com) are some suggested curricula

for using this book in a classroom setting. It will help in being able

to plug this book into your work flow and class plans. Although it

will be critical that you follow the tutorials yourself to understand

the questions that the students will undoubtedly have, this volume

will provide some tutorials for in class or homework that will help to

provide a lot of instruction in learning the 3D-to-game publication

process.

Structure

Although presently I am also a game developer, my long-term passion

is teaching. I know how people learn 3D and game engines. There is

an unfortunate trend for many early learners to pick up a tutorial and

immediately start working through the steps without any consideration to

why that tutorial was written, and what the basic concepts are behind the

steps they are following. At the end of the tutorial, readers have the sense

of accomplishment that they have finished the tutorial, but suddenly come

to the crushing reality that they can't create their own project, and they

couldn't even replicate this project unless the tutorial was in front of them

again. Essentially, they have become recipe followers—they can only cook

if the book is open in front of them, and if someone else has figured out the

steps. They certainly aren't chefs. The goal of this book is to make master

game chefs. To do this, there are some specific conventions this book will

follow.

First, every chapter and every tutorial will be prefaced with some theory—

some explanations of the method behind the madness of what they are about

to embark on. This theory will cover not only the reasoning of the tutorial

and its goals but also the reasoning behind Maya or Unity and their particular

implementation of 3D technique. Avoid the temptation to skip the theory and

smash into the tutorial; you will be much more enriched by understanding the

reason behind the steps.

Every chapter will also include tutorials, some longer than others, but each

with a very specific learning objective in mind. Each tutorial will build upon

the last and move us closer to completing the game that will be playable

at the end of this book. However, this book is a novel, not a collection of

short stories, and if you skip too far ahead too quickly, you will miss vital

information that make later chapters seem logical. So even if you know the

technique covered and you have no need to follow a given tutorial, be sure

you skim through it to see what is being covered there.

Finally, each chapter will include some challenges—homework assignments

if you will—that ask you to use the information you have gathered to create

your own implementation of the techniques. Hobbyist rarely use these, but

xviii

Introduction

they are an important self-assessment tool to check if you have really gotten

the core concepts presented in the chapter. You will get the most out of this

book if you tackle those challenges. They will cement ideas and strengthen

technique before you move on.

Book Paradigm and Assumptions

Although Creating Unity3D Games is meant to be holistic, it is not comprehensive

of everything involved in creating 3D games. It is assumed that you have the

following things:

• Unity and Maya: At the publication of this book, the latest versions of this

software will be Maya 2011 and Unity 3.2. The Unity 3.2 Indie license is free

(downloadable at www.unity3d.com), and if you are a student, Maya 2011

can be had for free for one year at http://students.autodesk.com/ if you

your biggest expense of the process will be this book.

• Basic Knowledge of Maya: This knowledge can indeed be basic, but this

book will not take a huge amount of time to work through Maya interface,

or basic tools. You should know how to navigate the camera controls and

how to conduct basic functions of moving, rotating, and scaling objects.

This book will be focusing on very game-specific techniques to modelling,

texturing, and animating, and so some general knowledge of Maya will be

of great help, although not critical.

• Love and Knowledge of Games: No need to be a game geek. But,

knowing the basics of how games work and what makes them fun will

be important to making games. The game in this book will be a first-

person and third-person hybrid with both first-person shooter and

puzzle elements. These are carefully designed to help you grasp some

important concepts. But always be referencing past knowledge and

looking for ways to expand the ideas covered in these pages to your

own blockbuster title.

Book Conventions

Throughout this volume, I will be making use of several conventions to assist

you in understanding what I'm talking about, and where.

When we are tackling a tutorial, each step will be numbered:

Step 1: Do this and then,

Step 2: Do this. When you're finished,

Step 3: Try this.

Usually, these instructions will be tied closely to screenshots to help illustrate

the step, or the results of a step.

Because the goal of this book is not to simply recreate the game presented

here, but to equip you with the skills and tools to create your own game after

xix

Introduction

finishing this tome, there will be frequent “breaks” in the tutorials to do some

explaining. Watch for:

Tips and Tricks

Warnings and Pitfalls

Why?

These will be the important notes that get you beyond the confines of the

tutorials, and on to your own million-dollar games.

Finally, navigating through the programs can be tricky (especially in Maya with

its multiple nodes). Drop-down menus will be indicated with the following

format:

Modeling>Mesh>Combine (Options)

This is shorthand for, “In Modeling mode, go to the Mesh drop-down menu

and look for Combine, and choose the Options box.”

In Unity, this will be a little simpler since there are no disappearing drop-down

menus like there are in Maya. However, it will be important that we are aware

of what things need to be typed—as in code. Any script we type will be listed

and formatted like this:

function Update(){

SetActiveRecursively(true);

}

Occasionally, there will be some salient information within the code that

is important to notice. When this is needed, the text will be bolded (you,

however, would not need to use bold text when writing the script):

function Update(){

SetActiveRecursively(true);

}

Similarly, new ideas, concepts, or keywords will be bolded within the body of

the text.

A Note about the Approach

I come from an art background. I have a BFA in Theatre Set Design and an MFA

in Graphic Design with an emphasis in 3D animation. I think like a 3D artist

and I teach 3D artists. Because of this, this book and its approach to learning

Unity is constructed through the lens of a 3D artist. This does not mean that

there won't be programming or scripting—in fact, scripting is a critical part of

the game development process. Without it there is no game, and so it cannot

be ignored, and will be covered heavily in this volume. Even for artists, it's best

to surrender now and embrace the power of scripting within a game engine.

However, the entire process will be covered from the viewpoint of a 3D artist.

This will be very effective for some readers, particularly those who are coming

at the game development cycle from an art or 3D background. But it may

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