Java编程入门指南：SimplyJava_IM精华

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"Java大学简明教程simplyjava_IM[1]" 这是一本专为初学者设计的Java编程入门教程，旨在深入浅出地介绍Java语言的基础知识和编程概念。书中涵盖了计算机科学的基本概念、互联网以及Java编程的介绍，帮助读者建立起对编程的全面理解。教程通过一系列的应用程序开发案例，如MovingShapes、Inventory、WageCalculator、DentalPayment和CarPaymentCalculator等，逐步引导学习者掌握图形用户界面（GUI）编程、变量、内存管理、算术运算、键盘事件、算法、伪代码、程序控制结构、复选框、消息对话框、逻辑运算符以及循环语句等核心编程概念。第1章 MovingShapesApplication介绍了如何创建简单的图形移动应用，让初学者了解计算机编程的基本步骤和Java的基础语法。第2章 WelcomeApplication则涉及图形用户界面（GUI）编程的入门，使读者掌握创建窗口和基本交互元素的方法。第3章至第4章围绕InventoryApplication展开，逐步引入文本字段和按钮，展示了如何在应用程序中收集和处理用户输入。第5章 EnhancingtheInventoryApplication通过增强Inventory应用，引入了变量、内存概念以及基本的算术运算，同时讲解了键盘事件的处理。第6章 WageCalculatorApplication涵盖了算法、伪代码和程序控制结构，如条件语句，帮助读者理解如何编写计算工资的程序。第7章 DentalPaymentApplication通过引入复选框、消息对话框和逻辑运算符，进一步扩展了GUI编程的复杂性。第8章 CarPaymentCalculatorApplication则讲解了while循环语句的使用，以及如何在应用程序中集成文本区域，以展示更复杂的用户交互。这些章节的设计都是为了帮助初学者从基础到进阶，逐步掌握Java编程的核心技能。每章末尾都提供了解决方案，便于学习者自我检查和巩固所学知识。通过这本书，读者不仅可以学习到Java编程的基础，还能了解到如何将这些知识应用于实际的软件开发中。

12 Welcome Application Tutorial 2

a) Copying the template to your working directory. Copy the C:\Examples\

Tutorial02\Exercises\AlarmClock

directory to your C:\SimplyJava directory.

b) Opening the Command Prompt window and changing directories. Open the Com-

mand Prompt by selecting Start > Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.

Change to your working directory by typing cd C:\SimplyJava\AlarmClock, then

pressing Enter.

c) Compiling the template application. Compile your application by typing the com-

mand javac AlarmClock.java, then pressing Enter.

d) Running the template application. Run the application by typing

java AlarmClock.

The GUI of the Alarm Clock template application should appear as shown in Fig. 2.38.

Figure 2.38 Alarm Clock GUI with missing JLabel and JRadioButtons.

e) Closing the application. Close the running application by clicking its close button.

This returns you to the Command Prompt window.

f) Opening the template file. Open the

AlarmClock.java file in your text editor.

g) Customizing the time

JLabel. When a GUI component is placed on the JFrame’s

content pane, the component is positioned from the top-left corner of the content

pane, which has the position (0, 0). Customize the

JLabel that displays the time. The

name of this

JLabel is timeJLabel. After line 60 in the template code, insert a state-

ment to set

timeJLabel’s text property to "00:00:00". On the next line, insert a

statement to set

timeJLabel’s bounds property to 16, 80, 100, 46. On the next line,

insert a statement to set

timeJLabel’s foreground property to Color.WHITE by using

setForeground. On the next line, insert a statement to set timeJLabel’s background

property to

Color.BLACK. [Note: Most GUI components have foreground and back-

ground properties.]

h) Customizing the AM

JRadioButton on the AM/PM JPanel. In Exercise 2.11, you

learned that a GUI component on a

JPanel is positioned from the top-left corner of

the

JPanel, which has the position (0, 0). Customize the JRadioButton for the AM

selection. Name it

amJRadioButton. After line 78 in the template code, insert a state-

ment to set

amJRadioButton’s text property to "AM". On the next line, insert a state-

ment to set

amJRadioButton’s bounds property to 20, 18, 50, 30.

i) Customizing the PM

JRadioButton on the AM/PM JPanel. Customize the JRa-

dioButton

for the PM selection. The name of this JRadioButton is pmJRadioBut-

ton

. After line 84 in the template code, insert a statement to set pmJRadioButton’s

text property to

"PM". On the next line, insert a statement to set pmJRadioButton’s

bounds property to 20, 40, 50, 30.

j) Saving the application. Save your modified source code file.

k) Compiling the completed application. In the Command Prompt window, compile

your application by typing

javac AlarmClock.java, then pressing Enter.

l) Running the completed application. When your application compiles correctly, run

it by typing

java AlarmClock. Compare the GUI of your completed Alarm Clock

application with the GUI shown in Fig. 2.37 to ensure that you customized the

JLa-

bel

and JRadioButtons correctly.

m)Closing the application. Close the running application by clicking its close button.

This returns you to the Command Prompt window.

Missing AM and PM

JRadioButtons

Missing JLabel that displays time

Tutorial 2 Welcome Application 13

n) Closing the Command Prompt window. Close the Command Prompt window by

clicking its close button.

Answer:

1 // Exercise 2.12

2 // Create GUI for an alarm clock

3 import javax.swing.*;

4 import java.awt.*;

5 import java.awt.event.*;

6 import javax.swing.border.*;

8 public class AlarmClock extends JFrame

9 {

10 private JButton hourJButton, minuteJButton, secondJButton,

11 onJButton, offJButton, timerJButton;

12 private JPanel ampmJPanel;

13 private JRadioButton amJRadioButton, pmJRadioButton;

14 private JLabel timeJLabel, snoozeJLabel;

16 // no-argument constructor

17 public AlarmClock()

18 {

19 createUserInterface();

20 }

22 // create and position GUI components; register event handlers

23 private void createUserInterface()

24 {

25 // get content pane and set layout to null

26 Container contentPane = getContentPane();

27 contentPane.setLayout( null );

29 // set up hourJButton

30 hourJButton = new JButton();

31 hourJButton.setText( "HOUR" );

32 hourJButton.setBounds( 0, 0, 84, 46 );

33 contentPane.add( hourJButton );

35 // set up minuteJButton

36 minuteJButton = new JButton();

37 minuteJButton.setBounds( 84, 0, 84, 46 );

38 minuteJButton.setText( "MINUTE" );

39 contentPane.add( minuteJButton );

41 // set up secondJButton

42 secondJButton = new JButton();

43 secondJButton.setBounds( 168, 0, 84, 46 );

44 secondJButton.setText( "SECOND" );

45 contentPane.add( secondJButton );

47 //set up onJButton

48 onJButton = new JButton();

49 onJButton.setBounds( 252, 0, 56, 46 );

50 onJButton.setText( "ON" );

51 contentPane.add( onJButton );

53 // set up offJButton

54 offJButton = new JButton();

55 offJButton.setBounds( 308, 0, 56, 46 );

56 offJButton.setText( "OFF" );

14 Welcome Application Tutorial 2

57 contentPane.add( offJButton );

59 // set up timeJLabel

60 timeJLabel = new JLabel();

65 timeJLabel.setOpaque( true );

66 timeJLabel.setHorizontalAlignment( JLabel.CENTER );

67 contentPane.add( timeJLabel );

69 // set up the ampm JLabel

70 ampmJPanel = new JPanel();

71 ampmJPanel.setLayout( null );

72 ampmJPanel.setBorder( new TitledBorder(

73 new EtchedBorder( EtchedBorder.LOWERED ), "AM/PM" ) );

74 ampmJPanel.setBounds( 132, 56, 90, 80 );

75 contentPane.add( ampmJPanel );

77 // set up amJRadioButton

78 amJRadioButton = new JRadioButton();

81 ampmJPanel.add( amJRadioButton );

83 // set up pmJRadioButton

84 pmJRadioButton = new JRadioButton();

87 ampmJPanel.add( pmJRadioButton );

89 // set up timerJButton

90 timerJButton = new JButton();

91 timerJButton.setBounds( 256, 76, 80, 50 );

92 timerJButton.setText( "Timer" );

93 contentPane.add( timerJButton );

95 // set up snoozeJLabel

96 snoozeJLabel = new JLabel( "SNOOZE" );

97 snoozeJLabel.setBounds( 0, 150, 364, 46 );

98 snoozeJLabel.setText( "SNOOZE" );

99 snoozeJLabel.setBorder( new LineBorder( Color.BLACK ) );

100 snoozeJLabel.setHorizontalAlignment( JLabel.CENTER );

101 contentPane.add( snoozeJLabel );

102

103 // set properties of application’s window

104 setTitle( "Alarm Clock" ); // set title bar text

105 setSize( 374, 226 ); // set window size

106 setVisible( true ); // display window

107

108 } // end method createIserInterface

109

110 // main method

111 public static void main( String args[] )

112 {

113 AlarmClock application = new AlarmClock();

114 application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );

115

116 } // end method main

timeJLabel.setText( "00:00:00" );

timeJLabel.setBounds( 16, 80, 100, 46 );

timeJLabel.setForeground( Color.WHITE );

timeJLabel.setBackground( Color.BLACK );

amJRadioButton.setText( "AM" );

amJRadioButton.setBounds( 20, 18, 50, 30 );

pmJRadioButton.setText( "PM" );

pmJRadioButton.setBounds( 20, 40, 50, 30 );

16 Welcome Application Tutorial 2

g) Customizing the door JPanel on the content pane. Customize the JPanel to display

the microwave door. The name of this

JPanel is doorJPanel. After line 31, insert a

statement to set

doorJPanel’s bounds property to 16, 16, 328, 284. On the next line,

insert a statement to set

doorJPanel’s background property to Color.GRAY.

h) Saving the application. Save your modified source code file.

i) Compiling the completed application. In the Command Prompt window, compile

your application by typing

javac Microwave.java, then pressing Enter.

j) Running the completed application. When your application compiles correctly, run

it by typing

java Microwave. Compare the GUI of your completed Microwave

application with the GUI shown in Fig. 2.39 to ensure that you customized the

JPanel correctly.

k) (Optional) Changing the door

JPanel’s background color to yellow. In a later tuto-

rial, you will modify the Microwave application to simulate a real microwave. When

you start cooking, the light inside the microwave will turn on. Change the back-

ground color of the microwave door to yellow to simulate the running microwave.

l) Closing the application. Close the running application by clicking its close button.

This returns you to the Command Prompt window.

m)Closing the Command Prompt window. Close the Command Prompt window by

clicking its close button.

Answer:

1 // Exercise 2.13

2 // Create GUI Microwave

3 import javax.swing.*;

4 import javax.swing.border.*;

5 import java.awt.*;

6 import java.awt.event.*;

8 public class Microwave extends JFrame

9 {

10 private JLabel displayJLabel;

11 private JButton oneJButton, twoJButton, threeJButton,

12 fourJButton, fiveJButton, sixJButton, sevenJButton,

13 eightJButton, nineJButton, zeroJButton, startJButton,

14 clearJButton;

15 private JPanel doorJPanel, controlJPanel;

17 // no-argument constructor

18 public Microwave()

19 {

20 createUserInterface();

21 }

23 // create and position GUI components; register event handlers

24 private void createUserInterface()

25 {

26 // get content pane and set layout to null

27 Container contentPane = getContentPane();

28 contentPane.setLayout( null );

30 // set up doorJPanel

31 doorJPanel = new JPanel();

34 contentPane.add( doorJPanel );

36 // set up controlJPanel

37 controlJPanel = new JPanel();

38 controlJPanel.setLayout( null );

doorJPanel.setBounds( 16, 16, 328, 284 );

doorJPanel.setBackground( Color.GRAY );

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