Unity3D入门教程：打造类似EVAC-CITY的2D射击游戏

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本教程是关于Unity3D的基础入门指南，旨在帮助你创建一款类似EVAC-CITY的2D横版射击游戏。EVAC-CITY是由David Lancaster和Daniel Wilkinson共同开发的，目前可以在网上免费游玩。教程涵盖了以下几个核心知识点： 1. **C#编程入门**：Unity3D采用的是C#语言作为主要编程工具，因此首先会带你了解C#的基本概念和语法，让你熟悉这种面向对象的编程语言，这对于游戏逻辑的实现至关重要。 2. **Unity3D编程技术**： - **角色移动**：你将学习如何编写代码来控制游戏角色的移动，包括键盘输入、碰撞检测和导航路径。 - **角色动画**：介绍如何在Unity3D中设置和控制角色动画，包括基础的动画状态机和关键帧动画。 - **敌对AI**：探讨如何设计敌人行为，让它们具有基本的寻路和攻击机制，提升游戏的挑战性。 - **项目iles**：如何创建和处理游戏中的弹道，包括发射、追踪和碰撞检测。 - **粒子效果与伤害计算**：学习如何使用Unity的粒子系统来创建特效，并理解如何通过编程实现伤害计算。 3. **游戏开发进阶**： - **额外开发**：涉及一些高级技巧，如音频处理、保存和加载游戏状态，以及用户界面的设计。 4. **Level Design（关卡设计）**： - **物体放置**：指导你如何在场景中布局游戏元素，包括敌人、道具和障碍物。 - **游戏设计**：讨论如何根据游戏机制设计关卡结构，确保游戏体验流畅且富有挑战。 5. **资源制作**：教学如何在The GIMP这款免费图像编辑软件中创建和编辑纹理和艺术资产，以满足游戏美术需求。 6. **实践与资源获取**：提供下载链接，让你获取教程资源和示例项目，同时鼓励你直接在Unity3D的交互式环境中实践所学。完成本教程后，你将具备在Unity3D环境中开发2D游戏的基础知识，包括编程、关卡设计和资源制作，为成为一名初级Unity开发者打下坚实的基础。如果你已经熟悉Unity3D界面，那么这个教程将是一个很好的起点。点击链接即可开始你的游戏开发之旅。

}

void ProcessMovement()

{

rigidbody.AddForce (inputMovement.normalized * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);

transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(inputRotation);

transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0,transform.eulerAngles.y + 180,0);

transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,0,transform.position.z);

}

void HandleCamera()

{

objCamera.transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,

15,transform.position.z);

objCamera.transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(90,0,0);

}

Hopefully you're not feeling too daunted by the sheer amount of code I have thrown in front of you! I

shall go through it line by line below, the reason I have thrown in so much code is to allow you to run

your Unity application and have your player character move around! If you now click the play button

at the top middle of your Unity interface you should be able to play the game and move your character

quite awkwardly around.

Firstly let's examine our update function:

void Update () {

FindInput();

ProcessMovement();

if (thisIsPlayer == true)

{

HandleCamera();

}

We are calling the FindInput function to find out what keys are being pressed and set the variables to

send into the ProcessMovement function to move our character. If we are the player we want to call

HandleCamera and set the camera to follow our player.

void FindPlayerInput ()

{

// find vector to move

inputMovement = new Vector3( Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"),

0,Input.GetAxis("Vertical") );

// find vector to the mouse

tempVector2 = new Vector3(Screen.width * 0.5f,0,Screen.height *

0.5f); // the position of the middle of the screen

tempVector = Input.mousePosition; // find the position of the

moue on screen

tempVector.z = tempVector.y; // input mouse position gives us 2D

coordinates, I am moving the Y coordinate to the Z coorindate in temp Vector and

setting the Y coordinate to 0, so that the Vector will read the input along the X

(left and right of screen) and Z (up and down screen) axis, and not the X and Y (in

and out of screen) axis

tempVector.y = 0;

inputRotation = tempVector - tempVector2; // the direction we

want face/aim/shoot is from the middle of the screen to where the mouse is pointing

}

Page 8 of 44

Now we're using some Vectors! If you're not familiar with Vectors then there is some learning you

may need to do online, they can be both complicated and simple but in the end they are your best friend

when it comes to controlling how objects move in a 3D world. Notice I am using the word 'new' in

some of those lines of code, this is purely C# syntax, it needs to do this when assigning new memory

for new variables I believe. The first line of code is finding out what keys the player is pressing,

remember in (edit - project settings – input) one of the input fields was called Horizontal?

Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") is giving us a variable between -1 and 1 telling us which key is being

pressed, pressing A will give us -1 and pressing D will give us 1.

Next we are finding out the rotation of the character, inputRotation is a Vector3, which calculates the

Vector from the center of the screen to the mouse position. I wont go into the mathematics of this but

that is what is happening in those few lines of code.

Now we are processing the movement:

void ProcessMovement()

{

rigidbody.AddForce (inputMovement.normalized * moveSpeed *

Time.deltaTime);

transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(inputRotation);

transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0,transform.eulerAngles.y +

180,0);

transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,

0,transform.position.z);

}

Because earlier we added a rigidbody component to our player character, we can now call the

AddForce function to move it. Rigidbody is a pointer which automatically refers to the rigidbody

component attached to the gameObject using the script. If we didn't have a rigidbody attached to the

gameObject and were referring to it in a script, we would get an error. Remember our Vector which

held the information which keys the player was pressing? We are now putting those keys onto the X

and Z axis of the real player and moving it accordingly. When we use the .normalize function of a

Vector3. We are restricting the Vector to a size of 1. If we didn't do this there might be times in which

the player would move at different speeds because the Vector might be at different sizes. We are then

multiplying the Vector by the movement speed of the player and by Time.deltaTime. I don't know if

Time.deltaTime makes a difference here but as I'm used to in my 3D Game Studio days, it is used to

make the movement smooth and consistent depending on the framerate, if this line wasn't here and the

framerate change the speed the player moved might change also.

Quaternions! They are lovely! Transform.rotation is a Quaternion type of variable, and we cannot

simply tell it to accept a Vector type, so using the LookRotation function we are converting the Vector

into a Quaternion. And setting the rotation of the transform to the rotation of the inputRotation Vector.

Because this is a 2D game, we don't want the object rotating on any other axis asdie from the Y axis,

because we are applying a force on a cylinder collider the object will often rotate along the X and Z

axis as it pleases. In the 3

instruction of code we are simply reseting the rotation along the X and Z

axis to 0, and maintaining the original rotation along the Y axis. We rotate the Y axis eular angle by

another 180 degrees because in the sprite's material we set the tiling to -0.25, this means we must rotate

it around to make sure our object is facing the correct direction.

Page 9 of 44

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