OpenCV 2.4.2 教程手册

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"the opencv2.4.2 reference manual" OpenCV（开源计算机视觉库）是一套广泛应用于图像处理和计算机视觉领域的库，版本2.4.2的参考手册提供了详细的API和技术指南。该手册旨在帮助开发者理解并利用OpenCV进行图像处理、模式识别以及机器学习等相关工作。 1. **介绍** - API概念: OpenCV的API设计用于高效地处理图像数据，包括图像读取、处理、存储和显示等操作。API涵盖了多种编程语言，如C++、Python等。 2. **核心功能** - 基本结构: 包括基本的数据类型，如IplImage和Mat，它们是OpenCV中表示图像的主要结构。 - 基本C结构和操作: 提供了对像素级操作的支持，如复制、比较、转换等。 - 动态结构: 如Vector、Matrix等动态数组，用于灵活地管理数据。 - 数组操作: 提供了对多维数组的操作，包括数学运算、统计计算等。 - 绘图函数: 允许用户在窗口上绘制图形、线条、文本等。 - XML/YAML持久化: 支持将数据序列化到XML或YAML格式，便于保存和加载配置或结果。 - 聚类算法: 提供了K-means等聚类方法，用于数据分类和分组。 - 工具和系统函数: 包括各种辅助函数和宏，简化开发流程。 3. **图像处理** (imgproc) - 图像滤波: 提供了多种滤波器，如高斯滤波、中值滤波、 Sobel算子等，用于平滑图像、检测边缘。 - 几何图像变换: 包括缩放、旋转、平移、仿射和透视变换等。 - 杂项图像变换: 如色彩空间转换、直方图均衡化等。 - 直方图处理: 可以计算和分析图像的灰度或彩色直方图。 - 结构分析和形状描述符: 支持形状匹配和形状描述符计算。 - 运动分析和对象跟踪: 使用光流、背景减除等技术进行物体运动分析。 - 特征检测: 包括角点检测、边缘检测、SIFT、SURF等特征提取算法。 - 对象检测: 利用Haar特征、HOG等方法进行对象检测。 4. **高级GUI和媒体I/O** (highgui) - 用户界面: 提供简单的图形用户界面，用于显示图像、视频以及接收用户输入。 - 读写图像和视频: 支持多种格式的图像和视频文件的读取和写入。 - Qt新功能: 针对Qt框架的扩展功能，使得OpenCV可以更好地集成到Qt应用程序中。 5. **视频分析** (video) - 运动分析和对象跟踪: 与imgproc模块相辅相成，提供更高级的运动分析和跟踪算法。 6. **相机标定和3D重建** (calib3d) - 相机标定: 用于确定相机参数，包括内参和外参，以便纠正透视失真。 - 3D重建: 利用多视图几何学，实现从二维图像恢复三维场景的信息。 7. **2D特征框架** (features2d) - 2D特征框架: 提供了一整套的2D特征检测、描述和匹配算法，用于图像识别和匹配。以上是OpenCV 2.4.2参考手册中的主要知识点，涵盖了图像处理、计算机视觉的核心算法和实用工具，对于开发者来说是宝贵的资源。通过深入学习和实践，开发者可以构建出复杂的视觉应用，如目标检测、跟踪、3D重建等。

The OpenCV Reference Manual, Release 2.4.2

template<typename

Tp> inline bool

operator <= (const Rect

Tp>& r1, const Rect

Tp>& r2)

{

return (r1 & r2) == r1;

}

For your convenience, the Rect

<> alias is available:

typedef Rect

<int> Rect;

RotatedRect

class RotatedRect

The class represents rotated (i.e. not up-right) rectangles on a plane. Each rectangle is speciﬁed by the center point

(mass center), length of each side (represented by cv::Size2f structure) and the rotation angle in degrees.

C++: RotatedRect::RotatedRect()

C++: RotatedRect::RotatedRect(const Point2f& center, const Size2f& size, ﬂoat angle)

C++: RotatedRect::RotatedRect(const CvBox2D& box)

Parameters

center – The rectangle mass center.

size – Width and height of the rectangle.

angle – The rotation angle in a clockwise direction. When the angle is 0, 90, 180,

270 etc., the rectangle becomes an up-right rectangle.

box – The rotated rectangle parameters as the obsolete CvBox2D structure.

C++: void RotatedRect::points(Point2f pts[]) const

C++: Rect RotatedRect::boundingRect() const

C++: RotatedRect::operator CvBox2D() const

Parameters

pts – The points array for storing rectangle vertices.

The sample below demonstrates how to use RotatedRect:

Mat image(200, 200, CV

8UC3, Scalar(0));

RotatedRect rRect = RotatedRect(Point2f(100,100), Size2f(100,50), 30);

Point2f vertices[4];

rRect.points(vertices);

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)

line(image, vertices[i], vertices[(i+1)%4], Scalar(0,255,0));

Rect brect = rRect.boundingRect();

rectangle(image, brect, Scalar(255,0,0));

imshow("rectangles", image);

waitKey(0);

10 Chapter 2. core. The Core Functionality

The OpenCV Reference Manual, Release 2.4.2

Ptr(

obj);

// destructor: calls release()

~Ptr();

// copy constructor; increments ptr’s reference counter

Ptr(const Ptr& ptr);

// assignment operator; decrements own reference counter

// (with release()) and increments ptr’s reference counter

Ptr& operator = (const Ptr& ptr);

// increments reference counter

void addref();

// decrements reference counter; when it becomes 0,

// delete

obj() is called

void release();

// user-specified custom object deletion operation.

// by default, "delete obj;" is called

void delete

obj();

// returns true if obj == 0;

bool empty() const;

// provide access to the object fields and methods

operator -> ();

const

operator -> () const;

// return the underlying object pointer;

// thanks to the methods, the Ptr<

Tp> can be

// used instead of

operator

();

operator const

() const;

protected:

// the encapsulated object pointer

obj;

// the associated reference counter

int

refcount;

};

The Ptr<

Tp> class is a template class that wraps pointers of the corresponding type. It is similar to shared

ptr that

is part of the Boost library ( http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_40_0/libs/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm ) and also part of the

C++0x standard.

This class provides the following options:

• Default constructor, copy constructor, and assignment operator for an arbitrary C++ class or a C structure. For

some objects, like ﬁles, windows, mutexes, sockets, and others, a copy constructor or an assignment operator

are difﬁcult to deﬁne. For some other objects, like complex classiﬁers in OpenCV, copy constructors are absent

and not easy to implement. Finally, some of complex OpenCV and your own data structures may be written in

C. However, copy constructors and default constructors can simplify programming a lot. Besides, they are often

required (for example, by STL containers). By wrapping a pointer to such a complex object TObj to Ptr<TObj>

, you automatically get all of the necessary constructors and the assignment operator.

• O(1) complexity of the above-mentioned operations. While some structures, like std::vector, provide a copy

constructor and an assignment operator, the operations may take a considerable amount of time if the data

structures are large. But if the structures are put into Ptr<> , the overhead is small and independent of the data

size.

• Automatic destruction, even for C structures. See the example below with FILE

• Heterogeneous collections of objects. The standard STL and most other C++ and OpenCV containers can store

only objects of the same type and the same size. The classical solution to store objects of different types in the

same container is to store pointers to the base class base

class

instead but then you loose the automatic

14 Chapter 2. core. The Core Functionality

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OpenCV 2.4.2 教程手册

opencv2.4.2网页离线文档

OPENCV_Config(OpenCv2.4.2PVS2010).rar_opencv 2.4.2_opencv vs2010

opencv undefined reference

vscode opencv linux undefined reference

ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement OpenCV (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for OpenCV

1 30 D:\Download\opencv.cpp [Error] opencv2/opencv.hpp: No such file or directory compilation terminated.

learning opencv 3: computer vision in c++ with the opencv library

cannot find -lopencv_opencv_modules

OpenCvSharp.Blob.dll can't find

No such file or directory #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp> ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated.

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