氧化钯低温气敏特性：对一氧化碳检测的新探索
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"Yangong Zheng, Qiao Qiao, Jing Wang, Xiaogan Li, Jiawen Jian. Gas sensing behavior of palladium oxide for carbon monoxide at low working temperature. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 212 (2015), 256–263."
这篇研究文章探讨了低工作温度下氧化钯(PdO)作为一氧化碳(CO)气敏材料的性能和作用机制。在气体传感器领域，晚过渡金属氧化物逐渐引起关注，而此研究特别聚焦于氧化钯，因为其在低温条件下的优异敏感性。
研究人员通过实验发现，氧化钯在低于100°C的工作温度下，对一氧化碳表现出良好的气敏特性。这是一重大突破，因为通常气敏材料需要在较高的温度下才能有效工作，而低温操作可以减少能源消耗，提高设备的便携性和安全性。氧化钯的这种特性可能归因于其表面的化学吸附氧，这些氧分子在低温下能与一氧化碳发生反应，导致传感器电阻的变化，从而检测到CO的存在。
文章详细分析了温度对传感器响应的影响，指出随着温度的降低，氧化钯对CO的检测能力并未显著减弱，显示出其在低温环境中的稳定性。此外，他们还研究了材料合成方法、颗粒尺寸以及表面结构等因素如何影响其气敏性能。
此项研究的结果对开发新型、高效且能在低温环境中工作的CO气体传感器具有重要意义。它不仅扩展了我们对晚过渡金属氧化物的理解，也为设计适用于家庭、工业和车载等应用场景的低功耗气体监测系统提供了新的思路。通过优化材料制备工艺和结构，未来可能实现更优的气敏性能，进一步提升传感器的灵敏度和选择性。
该论文揭示了氧化钯在低工作温度下对一氧化碳的气敏行为，强调了这种材料在气体传感技术中的潜力，特别是在要求低能耗和高安全性的应用中。同时，这项研究也为后续的材料科学和传感器技术研究提供了基础数据和理论指导。
Sensors
and
Actuators
B
212
(2015)
256–263
Contents
lists
available
at
ScienceDirect
Sensors
and
Actuators
B:
Chemical
jo
u
r
nal
homep
age:
www.elsevier.com/locate/snb
Gas
sensing
behavior
of
palladium
oxide
for
carbon
monoxide
at
low
working
temperature
Yangong
Zheng
a,b
,
Qiao
Qiao
a
,
Jing
Wang
a,∗
,
Xiaogan
Li
a,∗
,
Jiawen
Jian
b
a
School
of
Electronic
Science
and
Technology,
Dalian
University
of
Technology,
Dalian
116023,
China
b
Faculty
of
Information
Science
and
Engineer,
Ningbo
University,
Ningbo
315000,
China
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Article
history:
Received
26
September
2014
Received
in
revised
form
31
January
2015
Accepted
10
February
2015
Available
online
17
February
2015
Keywords:
Gas
sensing
properties
Palladium
oxide
Carbon
monoxide
Low
working
temperature
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
To
explore
the
potential
of
late
transition
metal
oxides
as
gas-sensing
material,
the
mechanism
and
sensing
performance
of
palladium
oxide
at
low
working
temperature
(<100
◦
C)
were
studied.
The
temperature-dependent
response
of
as-synthesized
PdO
exhibited
excellent
sensitivity
to
different
CO
concentrations
at
different
operating
temperatures
from
25
◦
C
to
100
◦
C
which
is
possibly
due
to
the
dif-
ferent
amount
of
adsorption
of
CO
at
different
temperatures.
The
oscillatory
response
to
CO
was
observed
in
oxygen-free
environment
at
100
◦
C
that
might
be
the
oscillation
between
adsorption
and
desorption
of
CO
on
PdO
surface.
The
oxygen
deficient
PdO
x
synthesized
by
calcinations
the
sample
in
reducing
environment
was
compared
to
well-crystalline
PdO
on
the
sensing
behavior
to
CO
in
different
oxygen
atmosphere.
In
rich
oxygen
condition,
both
types
of
PdO
maintain
the
long-term
stability
to
the
CO
sensing.
However,
in
pure
nitrogen,
lattice
oxygen
from
well-crystalline
and
deficient
PdO
has
different
activity
in
gas
sensing.
Based
on
the
correlation
between
rate
of
catalytic
reaction
and
rate
of
response
of
sensor,
the
reactivity
of
different
oxygen
species,
which
are
chemisorbed
oxygen,
lattice
oxygen
from
PdO
and
PdO
x
,
was
compared
and
analyzed.
The
results
indicated
that
the
possible
order
of
reactivity
in
CO
oxidation
from
high
to
low
was:
PdO
x
(x
<
1)
>
chemisorbed
oxygen
>
PdO.
©
2015
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
1.
Introduction
Late
transition
metals,
such
as
Pd,
Pt
and
Au,
have
been
widely
used
as
additives
or
sensitizers
to
improve
gas-sensing
perfor-
mance
and
decrease
the
operating
temperature
of
chemical
gas
sensors
based
on
metal
oxides
[1–3].
The
influence
of
additives
has
been
proposed
to
be
due
to
the
chemical
or
electronic
effects
according
to
their
basic
sensitization
mechanisms
[4,5].
Palladium-containing
materials
are
widely
used
for
oxidation
reactions,
including
CO
oxidation
in
automotive
exhaust
treatment,
volatile
organic
destruction,
and
catalytic
combustion
[6,7].
Thus,
for
CO
detection,
palladium
is
the
most
widely-used
dopant
which
is
present
in
metallic
or
oxidized
forms
depending
on
the
operat-
ing
temperature
and
oxygen
environments
[8,9].
The
complicated
interactions
of
Pd
with
CO
in
catalytic
oxidation
have
been
stud-
ied
extensively
within
a
wide
range
of
temperature
[6,7,10,11].
It
indicates
that
PdO
plays
the
active
role
in
this
catalytic
reac-
tion
[7,12–14].
However,
the
metallic
Pd
usually
exhibited
poor
CO
∗
Corresponding
authors.
Tel.:
+86
411
84708382/84706710;
fax:
+86
411
84706706.
E-mail
addresses:
wangjing@dlut.edu.cn
(J.
Wang),
lixg@dlut.edu.cn
(X.
Li).
oxidation
activity
below
150
◦
C
in
air
[6,15].
The
potential
of
PdO
has
recently
been
explored
as
a
candidate
for
chemical
gas-sensing
material
[12,16].
In
the
practical
application
of
gas
sensors,
the
low
working
temperature
is
a
desirable
factor
for
commercial
purpose
[17,18].
PdO
is
a
p-type
oxide
semiconductor
[10,19]
and
its
study
for
gas-sensing
material
is
far
from
mature.
There
are
conflicting
results
in
the
literature
on
the
mechanism
of
oxygen
species
reacted
with
CO.
The
oxygen
ionosorption
model
for
CO
sensing
mechanism
on
PdO
is
proposed
by
Chiang
and
Pan
[12].
The
sensing
behavior
of
PdO
resulted
from
the
interaction
of
chemisorbed
oxygen
with
co-adsorbed
CO
at
low
temperature.
Pd
could
maintain
its
oxi-
dation
state
during
the
gas-sensing
reaction
in
air.
The
reactivity
of
Pd
O
species
toward
CO
oxidation
was
studied
and
compared
in
the
literature
[7].
The
results
show
that
the
reactivity
of
oxy-
gen
in
Pd
O
species
decreased
with
the
increased
oxidation
state
of
Pd.
Chemisorbed
oxygen
and
surface
oxide
Pd
5
O
4
on
metallic
Pd(1
1
1)
could
be
reduced
at
low
temperature.
However,
for
the
complete
oxidized
palladium,
it
required
higher
temperature
above
150
◦
C
to
be
reduced.
Hoflund
et
al.
[6]
found
that
the
hydroxyl
groups
promote
the
reactivity
of
CO
oxidation
if
the
temperature
is
below
150
◦
C,
which
is
also
confirmed
by
different
work
[8,20].
They
proposed
that
the
oxygen
species
involved
in
the
CO
oxida-
tion
originate
from
gas-phase
and
solid-phase
oxygen
indicating
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.035
0925-4005/©
2015
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
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