2010年数值模拟： Brittle岩石三轴压缩下破裂过程的颗粒仿真研究

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本文档标题为"Particle simulation of the failure process of brittle rock under triaxial compression (2010年)",发表在《国际矿物、金属与材料》杂志上，卷17，第5期，2010年10月。作者通过对实验和数值模拟的结合，探讨了脆性岩石在三轴压缩下的破坏过程。研究采用了颗粒模拟方法进行数值计算，并将模拟结果与实验证据进行了对比。首先，作者关注的是利用颗粒模拟技术来解析脆性岩石在不同约束条件下的力学行为。在三轴压缩下，这种模拟有助于揭示岩石内部微观结构的变化，如裂缝的形成和发展、应力应变响应以及损伤模式的演变。通过这种方法，可以深入理解岩石的强度极限、断裂路径和稳定性特征，这对于工程实践中的岩石稳定性评估和地下结构设计具有重要意义。具体来说，研究包含了以下几个关键内容： 1. 颗粒模拟技术：这种方法允许研究人员模拟大量微小粒子间的相互作用，这些粒子代表了岩石的宏观性质，通过模拟微观级别的力学交互，得出整体的力学响应。 2. 断裂传播分析：通过模拟，研究人员可以观察到岩石在受压过程中如何逐渐产生裂纹，以及裂纹如何随着时间的推移扩展，从而预测其破裂的可能性。 3. 微裂纹分布：模拟结果揭示了微裂纹在岩石内部的分布情况，这对于了解岩石的弱点和抗压能力至关重要。 4. 应力-应变响应：通过比较实验数据，模拟得出的应力-应变曲线可以验证理论模型的准确性，帮助工程师理解和预测实际工程中的负载响应。 5. 损伤模式研究：模拟能够提供关于岩石损伤累积过程的可视化信息，这有助于分析岩石的破坏机理，比如脆性断裂或延展性破坏。 6. 变量约束条件下的分析：研究还考察了不同的围压对岩石破坏过程的影响，这对于理解岩石在地下开采或隧道建设中的行为具有实用价值。这篇论文是岩石力学领域的重要研究，它利用数值模拟技术深化了我们对脆性岩石在复杂力学环境下行为的理解，为岩体工程的设计和安全评估提供了理论支持。

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials

Volume 17, Number 5, October 2010, Page 507

DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0350-4

Corresponding author: Ming Xia E-mail: xiaming105@126.com

Particle simulation of the failure process of brittle rock under

triaxial compression

Ming Xia

1,2)

and Ke-ping Zhou

1) School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

2) Ma’anshan Institute of Mining Research, Ma’anshan 243004, China

(Received: 20 August 2009; revised: 17 September 2009; accepted: 3 October 2009)

Abstract: In order to investigate the failure process of brittle rock under triaxial compression through both experimental and numerical ap-

proaches, the particle simulation method was used in numerical simulations and the simulated results were compared with those of the ex-

periment. The numerical simulation results, such as fracture propagation, microcrack distribution, stress-strain response, and damage patterns,

were discussed in detail. The simulated results under various confining pressures (0-60 MPa) are in good agreement with the experimental

results. The simulated results reveal that rock failure is caused by axial splitting under uniaxial compression. As the confining pressure in-

creases, rock failure occurs in a few localized shear planes and the rock mechanical behavior is changed from brittle to ductile. Consequently,

the peak failure strength, microcrack numbers, and the shear plane angle increase, but the ratio of tensile to shear microcracks decreases. The

damage formation during the compression simulations indicates that the particle simulation method can produce similar behaviors as those

observed through laboratory compression tests.

Keywords: rock mechanics; compression testing; failure; fracture modes; simulation; microcracks

[This work was financially supported by the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2009ssxt226).]

1. Introduction

Advanced techniques, such as scanning electron micros-

copy (SEM), acoustic emission (AE), computerized tomo-

graphy (CT), and real-time laser holographic interferometry,

are applied to laboratory experiments for monitoring rock

failure processes [1-4]. Although these studies enhance the

understanding of these processes under compression, the re-

lated failure mechanisms, including the microcrack initiation,

propagation, coalescence, axial splitting, and shearing, are

not fully understood [5].

Many existing models, such as the lattice model [6] and

the rock failure process analysis (RFPA) model [7-8], have

some considerable limitations for simulating rock failure

processes [9-10]. To overcome the limitations of the RFPA

model, the local degradation approach [11] and the

elasto-plastic cellular automaton model (EPCA) [12] are

used to simulate the crack initiation, propagation, and coa-

lescence, associated with the rock failure. Recently, the par-

ticle simulation method [13-17], in which the bonded parti-

cle model is commonly used [18], provides a new way to

reproduce many features related to rock behaviors, such as

elasticity, fracturing, acoustic emission, material anisotropy

due to damage accumulation, hysteresis, dilation, post-peak

softening, and strength increase with confinement. For this

reason, the particle simulation method has been used to

solve a wide range of rock failure problems of sample-, en-

gineering-, and geological-length scales [13-17].

In this paper, the particle simulation method built in the

commercial code (two-dimensional particle flow code

(PFC

)) was adopted to simulate the failure process of brit-

tle rock under the confining pressures of 0, 20, 40, and 60

MPa, respectively. The comparison between experimental

and numerical results was carried out. In addition, the for-

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