OpenLDAP实战指南：配置、安全与集成

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"《Mastering OpenLDAP：配置、安全与集成目录服务》是马特·巴特彻的一本关于OpenLDAP的权威指南，适合从初学者到专业人士阅读。本书主要介绍如何有效地使用OpenLDAP，解释Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) 的理论知识，以解决实际问题。它解构了OpenLDAP，提供了构建目录服务、整合目录服务以及开发基于PHP或Python的目录应用的全面理解。读者只需具备基础的Linux系统管理经验即可，无需具有专门的LDAP知识。OpenLDAP作为开源目录服务器，被所有主要的Linux发行版所包含，并且许多开源和专有应用都能利用其服务。客户端应用通过LDAP与OpenLDAP连接，搜索目录，并在授权情况下修改和操作记录。除了通常用于提供网络身份验证服务外，LDAP服务器还有许多其他用途，如地址簿、DNS数据库、组织工具甚至应用程序的网络对象存储。" 在《Mastering OpenLDAP》这本书中，作者马特·巴特彻详细阐述了以下关键知识点： 1. **OpenLDAP基础知识**：解释OpenLDAP是什么，它的功能，以及为什么它在各种IT环境中如此重要。书中可能会涵盖OpenLDAP的安装、配置和维护过程。 2. **LDAP协议原理**：深入探讨LDAP协议的工作方式，包括其查询语言、数据模型和操作。这部分内容会帮助读者理解如何通过LDAP进行数据检索和更新。 3. **构建目录服务**：指导读者如何设置和配置OpenLDAP服务器，创建目录结构，以及管理用户和组。这可能包括权限分配、安全设置和备份策略。 4. **整合目录服务**：讲解如何将OpenLDAP与其他系统和服务集成，如身份验证、授权和日志记录系统。这部分内容可能涉及Samba、PAM（Pluggable Authentication Modules）和其他开源软件的集成。 5. **开发目录应用**：介绍如何使用PHP和Python等编程语言开发与OpenLDAP交互的应用程序。读者将学习如何编写LDAP查询、处理结果和执行修改操作。 6. **安全性**：详细讨论OpenLDAP的安全最佳实践，包括加密通信、访问控制和审计日志。这部分内容将强调保护敏感数据的重要性。 7. **故障排查与性能优化**：提供了解决OpenLDAP常见问题的方法，以及如何调整服务器以提高性能和稳定性。 8. **案例研究与实际应用**：通过具体实例展示OpenLDAP在不同场景下的应用，如企业级身份管理、邮件系统集成和分布式环境中的资源共享。 9. **资源与社区支持**：书中可能还会提及OpenLDAP的社区、论坛和文档资源，帮助读者进一步学习和解决问题。《Mastering OpenLDAP》是一本全面的指南，旨在帮助读者掌握OpenLDAP的各个方面，无论他们是系统管理员还是开发人员，都能从中受益。通过这本书，读者将能够熟练地配置、管理和利用OpenLDAP，以实现更高效、安全的IT环境。

Preface

The OpenLDAP directory server is a mature product that has been around (in

one form or another) since 1995. All of the major Linux distributions include the

OpenLDAP server, and many major applications, both Open Source and proprietary,

are directory aware, and can make use of the services provided by OpenLDAP. And

yet the OpenLDAP server seems to be shrouded in mystery, known and understood

only by the gurus and hackers. This book is meant not only to demystify OpenLDAP,

but to give the system administrator and software developer a solid understanding

of how to make use, in the practical realm, of OpenLDAP’s directory services.

OpenLDAP is an Open Source server that provides network clients with directory

services. The directory server can be used to store organizational information in a

centralized location, and make this information available to authorized applications.

Client applications can connect to OpenLDAP using the Lightweight Directory

Access Protocol (LDAP). They can then search the directory and (if they have

appropriate access) modify and manipulate records in the directory. LDAP servers

are most frequently used to provide network-based authentication services for users.

But there are many other uses for an LDAP, including using the directory as an

address book, a DNS database, an organizational tool, or even as a network object

store for applications. We will look at some of these uses in this book.

The goal of this book is to prepare a system administrator or software developer

for building a directory using OpenLDAP, and then employing this directory in

the context of the network. To that end, this book will take a practical approach,

emphasizing how to get things done. On occasion, we will delve into theoretical

aspects of LDAP, but such discussions will only occur where understanding the

theory helps us answer practical questions.

Preface

[ 2 ]

What This Book Covers

In Chapter 1 we look at general concepts of directory servers and LDAP, cover the

history of LDAP and the lineage of the OpenLDAP server, and nish up with a

technical overview of OpenLDAP.

The next set of chapters focus on building directory services with OpenLDAP, and

we take a close look at the OpenLDAP server in these chapters.

Chapter 2 begins with the process of installing OpenLDAP on a GNU/Linux server.

Once we have the server installed, we do the basic post-installation conguration

necessary to have the server running.

Chapter 3 covers the basic use of the OpenLDAP server. We use the OpenLDAP

command-line tools to add records to our new directory, search the directory, and

modify records. This chapter introduces many of the key concepts involved in

working with LDAP data.

Chapter 4 covers security, including handling authentication to the directory,

conguring Access Control Lists (ACLs), and securing network-based directory

connections with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Chapter 5 deals with advanced conguration of the OpenLDAP server. Here, we take

a close look at the various backend database options and also look at performance

tuning settings, as well as the recently introduced technology of directory overlays.

Chapter 6 focuses on extending the directory structure by creating and implementing

LDAP schemas. Schemas provide a procedure for dening new attributes and

structures to extend the directory and provide records tailor-made to your needs.

Chapter 7 focuses on directory replication and different ways of getting directory

servers to interoperate over a network. OpenLDAP can replicate its directory

contents from a master server to any number of subordinate servers. In this chapter,

we set up a replication process between two servers.

Chapter 8 deals with conguring other tools to interoperate with OpenLDAP. We

begin with the Apache web server, using LDAP as a source of authentication and

authorization. Next, we install phpLDAPadmin, a web-based program for managing

directory servers. Then we look at the main features, and do some custom tuning.

The appendices include a step-by-step guide to building OpenLDAP from source

(Appendix A), a guide to using LDAP URLs (Appendix B), and a compendium of

useful LDAP client commands (Appendix C).

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