Chin. Phys. B Vol. 25, No. 10 (2016) 108401
Mode analysis and design of 0.3-THz Clinotron
∗
Shuang Li(李爽)
1,2
, Jian-Guo Wang(王建国)
1,2,†
, Guang-Qiang Wang(王光强)
2
,
Peng Zeng(曾鹏)
2
, and Dong-Yang Wang(王东阳)
2
1
Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2
Laboratory on Science and Technology of High Power Microwave, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
(Received 24 April 2016; revised manuscript received 31 May 2016; published online 25 August 2016)
To develop a high-power continuous-wave terahertz source, a Clinotron operating at 0.3 THz is investigated. Based
on the analyses of field distribution and coupling impedance, the dispersion characteristic of a rectangular resonator is
preliminarily studied. The effective way to select fundamental mode to interact with the electron beam is especially studied.
Finally, the structure is optimized by particle-in-cell simulation, and the problems of manufacture tolerance, current density
threshold, and heat dissipation during Clinotron’s operation are also discussed. The optimum device can work with a good
performance under the conditions of 8 kV and 60 mA. With the generation of signal frequency at 315.89 GHz and output
power at 12 W on average, this device shows great prospects in the application of terahertz waves.
Keywords: terahertz, Clinotron, mode selection, particle simulation
PACS: 84.40.Fe, 45.10.Db, 52.65.–y DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/25/10/108401
1. Introduction
In order to develop the potential applications of tera-
hertz waves in space communication, high resolution radar
and so on, it is crucial to develop the terahertz source with
high output power first. In the low frequency band of ter-
ahertz, several kinds of vacuum electronic devices (VEDs)
can generate continuous wave or pulsed wave with high out-
put power,
[1,2]
one of which—Clinotron—has the capability
of increasing the beam-wave interaction efficiency and output
power as well,
[3–12]
showing promising prospects in the de-
velopment of a terahertz source. The most famous research
organization of Clinotron is the National Academy of Sci-
ences (NAS) of Ukraine. As reported in Ref. [13], one type
of Clinotron can work at 345 GHz–390 GHz and an output
power of about 100 mW. Its working current reaches as high
as 160 mA. Another type of “Clinotron-0.95” can work at
272 GHz–334 GHz with an output power in a range of 50 mW–
100 mW as reported.
[11]
Due to the unique feature of transferring the energy of an
electron beam into the strong surface electric field, Clinotron
can greatly improve the efficiency of interaction. What is
more, the use of sheet electron beam provides the advantage
that each layer of electron beam can interact with electric field
sufficiently to raise the output power.
[13]
However, there are
also many problems during the research of Clinotron, such as
the mode competition in the rectangular resonator, the precise
magnetic field system, and the heat dissipation in metal.
Based on the theoretical analysis of Clinotron and the re-
search of field distribution and coupling impedance, the mode
selection in Clinotron is studied in depth. The design of
Clinotron structure is optimized by the particle-in-cell (PIC)
simulation and the related physical processes are also dis-
cussed.
2. Theoretical analysis
The configuration of Clinotron is shown in Fig. 1. The
rectangular comb is used as the slow wave structure (SWS).
(a) view of vertical section
(b) view of cross section
bh
bh
y
y
W
x
x
s
bw
d
h
l
z
output port
beam
beam
SWS width
II
I
Fig. 1. Views of (a) vertical section and (b) cross section of Clinotron (‘bh’
denotes the beam thickness, ‘bw’ the beam width, ‘l’ the period length of
SWS, ‘s’ is the width of comb-gap, ‘d’ denotes the distance between comb
and top, ‘h’ is the depth of a comb, ‘W ’ the width of cavity.)
∗
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61231003).
†
Corresponding author. E-mail: wanguiuc@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
© 2016 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn
108401-1
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