深入探索Mac OS X编程：大牛牧场指南

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"Advanced Mac OS X Programming - The Big Nerd Ranch Guide by Mark Dalrymple" 本书《Advanced Mac OS X Programming》是马克·达利米普尔（Mark Dalrymple）所著的一本深入探讨Mac OS X编程的高级指南，主要针对熟悉Objective-C的开发者。这本书可能是2011年的版本，由Big Nerd Ranch出版社出版，并由Pearson Technology Group在全球独家发行英文版。在Mac OS X平台上进行高级编程涉及多个关键知识点，其中包括： 1. **Objective-C语言**: Objective-C是苹果操作系统的基础，它是C语言的一个扩展，添加了面向对象编程的特性。读者需要了解类、对象、消息传递、继承、多态性等概念。 2. **Cocoa框架**: Cocoa是Mac OS X上的主要开发框架，包括Foundation和AppKit两大部分。Foundation提供了基础的数据类型和系统服务，而AppKit则用于构建图形用户界面。理解Cocoa的设计模式，如Model-View-Controller (MVC)，以及如何使用NIB文件来设计界面，是学习的关键。 3. **事件驱动编程**: Mac OS X使用事件驱动模型，开发者需要理解事件循环、事件处理和用户交互的处理机制。 4. **内存管理**: 在Objective-C中，内存管理通常是手动进行的，需要理解引用计数和autorelease池的概念。虽然现代版本的iOS和Mac OS X引入了ARC（Automatic Reference Counting），但理解基本原理仍然是重要的。 5. **多线程与并发**: 书中可能涵盖线程安全、GCD（Grand Central Dispatch）以及NSOperationQueue等多线程技术，这些工具可以帮助开发者高效地利用多核处理器。 6. **Core Data**: Core Data是苹果提供的一种数据管理框架，用于存储和检索应用程序的数据。它提供了模型层的抽象，简化了数据持久化的过程。 7. **图形和动画**: 可能会涉及Quartz 2D、Core Animation和OpenGL，这些都是在Mac OS X上创建动态和交互式用户界面的重要技术。 8. **系统集成与接口**: 学习如何与其他系统服务、硬件和网络进行交互，例如使用Bonjour进行设备发现，或者使用Core Location获取地理位置信息。 9. **调试和性能优化**: 书中可能会介绍如何使用Instruments等工具进行性能分析和调试，以提高应用程序的效率和稳定性。 10. **沙盒安全模型**: 随着OS X和iOS的安全性增强，了解沙盒环境及其对应用程序权限的影响变得至关重要。该书作为一本高级指南，除了基础概念外，还可能包含实践案例、代码示例和解决问题的策略，旨在帮助开发者深入理解Mac OS X平台的复杂性和潜在能力。如果你计划开发高质量的Mac应用，这本书将是一个宝贵的资源。

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A d v a n c e d M a c O S X P r o g r a m m i n g

xiii

Bitmap ........................................................................................................ 543

BitmapView ................................................................................................. 544

CalcOperation ............................................................................................... 546

MandelOpperAppDelegate .............................................................................. 549

NSBlockOperation ......................................................................................... 551

Complex-Lifetime Operations .................................................................................. 553

KVO properties ............................................................................................. 554

ImageSnarfer ........................................................................................................ 555

ImageCanvas ................................................................................................ 556

SnarfOperation .............................................................................................. 558

NSURLConnection delegate methods ................................................................ 561

ImageSnarferAppDelegate ............................................................................... 562

Mop-up ....................................................................................................... 565

Exercises ............................................................................................................. 566

22. Grand Central Dispatch ............................................................................................. 569

GCD Terminology ................................................................................................. 571

Queues ................................................................................................................ 571

Object-Oriented Design .......................................................................................... 573

Dispatch API ....................................................................................................... 574

Queues ........................................................................................................ 574

Dispatching .................................................................................................. 575

Memory management ..................................................................................... 575

W o r d C o u n t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 6

Iteration ............................................................................................................... 581

Safe Global Initialization ........................................................................................ 582

T i m e , T i m e , T i m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 3

Dispatch Groups ................................................................................................... 584

Dispatch Sources ................................................................................................... 586

Signal sources ............................................................................................... 588

File read source ............................................................................................ 589

File write source ........................................................................................... 590

T i m e r s o u r c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9 0

Custom sources ............................................................................................. 591

Under the Hood ............................................................................................ 591

Semaphores .......................................................................................................... 591

GCD or NSOperation? ........................................................................................... 592

F o r t h e M o r e C u r i o u s : S y n c h r o n i z i n g Ta s k s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9 3

F o r t h e M o r e C u r i o u s : T h e d i s p a t c h _ d e b u g ( ) F u n c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9 3

Exercises ............................................................................................................. 594

23. Accessing the Keychain ............................................................................................ 597

Items and Attribute Lists ........................................................................................ 598

Searching for Items ............................................................................................... 600

Reading Data From an Item .................................................................................... 602

Editing the Keychain ............................................................................................. 604

Getting Specific Keychains ..................................................................................... 605

K e y c h a i n A c c e s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 5

Making a New Keychain Item ................................................................................. 608

Convenience Functions ........................................................................................... 610

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xvii

Introduction

Mac OS X: Built to Evolve

Complex systems come into existence in only two ways: through careful planning or through

e v o l u t i o n . A n a i r p o r t i s a n e x a m p l e o f s o m e t h i n g t h a t i s p l a n n e d c a r e f u l l y b e f o r e h a n d , b u i l t , a n d t h e n

undergoes only minor changes for the rest of its existence. Complex organisms (like humans) are an

e x a m p l e o f s o m e t h i n g t h a t h a s e v o l v e d c o n t i n u a l l y f r o m s o m e t h i n g s i m p l e . I n t h e e n d , o r g a n i s m s t h a t

are well suited to evolution will always win out over organisms that are less suited to evolve.

An operating system evolves. Of course, the programmer who creates a new operating system designs

it carefully, but in the end, an operating system that is well suited to evolution will replace an operating

system that is not. It is, then, an interesting exercise to think about what traits make an operating

system capable of evolution.

The first version of Unix was developed by Ken Thompson at Bell Laboratories in 1969. It was

written in assembly language to run on a PDP-7. Dennis Ritchie, also at Bell Labs, invented the C

programming language. Among computer languages, C is pretty low level, but it is still much more

portable than assembly language. Together, Thompson and Ritchie completely rewrote Unix in C. By

1978, Unix was running on several different architectures. Portability, then, was the first indication that

Unix is well suited to evolution.

In 1976, Bell Labs began giving the source code for Unix to research facilities. The Computer Systems

Research Group at UC Berkeley got a copy and began tinkering with it. The design of Unix was

e x c e e d i n g l y e l e g a n t a n d a p e r f e c t p l a t f o r m u p o n w h i c h t o b u i l d t w o i m p o r t a n t t e c h n o l o g i e s : v i r t u a l

memory and TCP/IP networking. By freely distributing the source code, Bell Labs was inviting people

to extend Unix. Extensibility was the second indication that Unix is well suited to evolution.

4.4BSD was the last release of Unix produced by Berkeley. It was used as the basis for FreeBSD,

OpenBSD, NetBSD, and MacOSX. Today, Unix is used as an operating system for cellular phones

and supercomputers. It is the most popular operating system for web servers, mail servers, and

engineering workstations. The manner in which it has found a home in so many niches is yet another

indication that Unix is capable of evolving.

MacOSX is based upon a hybrid of Mach and 4.4BSD, but notice that this new niche, a desktop

operating system that your grandmother will love as well as a mobile device operating system that your

kids will love, is very different from Unix’s previous purposes. To reach this goal, Apple has made

several important additions to its Unix core.

The Unix part of MacOSX is called Darwin. The large additions to Darwin that Apple has made are

known as the core technologies. Apple, recognizing that Unix must continue to evolve, has released the

source code to Darwin and most of the core technologies.

This Book

My thought is that things shouldn’t be “magic” in your field of expertise. I don’t

e x p e c t s o m e o n e t o i m p l e m e n t a c o m p i l e r o r o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m , b u t t h e y s h o u l d n ’ t b e

mystical black boxes.

—Paul Kim, Chief Noodler, Noodlesoft

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