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首页C99官方手册：C编程语言标准与移植指南

C99官方手册：C编程语言标准与移植指南

C99标准

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"C99官方原版用户手册——《编程语言C》是ISO/IEC 9899:201x的国际标准，该文档详细规定了C99编程语言的结构和解释。作为一项关键的IT资源，它旨在促进C语言程序在各种计算机系统上的可移植性、可靠性、可维护性和高效执行。标准涵盖了C语言本身及其执行库的内容，包括语言语法、数据类型、控制结构、函数、数组、指针等核心概念。文档的重点在于确保一致性，以便开发者编写出能够在不同平台之间顺畅运行的代码。通过附录，标准概述了这些元素，并列出了可能影响C程序可移植性的因素，如编译器特性、硬件架构差异以及操作系统特定行为。C99标准不仅适用于熟练的C语言程序员，也适用于C语言翻译系统的实现者。值得注意的是，这个版本是对N1539草案的更新，变化之处用“diff”标记。接收此草案的人们被邀请提交他们的意见，包括任何他们所知的相关专利声明，并提供支持这些声明的文档。这意味着阅读并理解这份标准对于避免潜在的法律问题和优化代码性能至关重要。《编程语言C》C99标准是一份权威指南，是任何从事C语言开发的专业人士必备的参考文献，它不仅提供了深入的编程规则，还为了解决跨平台兼容性问题提供了宝贵的信息。无论是初次接触C语言的学习者，还是经验丰富的开发者，都需要密切关注这个标准，以确保代码的质量和效率。"

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ISO/IEC 9899:201x Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 N1570

— deprecate ungetc at the beginning of a binary ﬁle

— remove deprecation of aliased array parameters

— conversion of array to pointer not limited to lvalues

— relaxed constraints on aggregate and union initialization

— relaxed restrictions on portable header names

— return without expression not permitted in function that returns a value (and vice

versa)

8 Annexes D, F, G, K, and L form a normative part of this standard; annexes A, B, C, E, H,

I, J, the bibliography, and the index are for information only. In accordance with Part 2 of

the ISO/IEC Directives, this foreword, the introduction, notes, footnotes, and examples

are also for information only.

xvi Foreword

N1570 Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 ISO/IEC 9899:201x

Introduction

1 With the introduction of new devices and extended character sets, new features may be

added to this International Standard. Subclauses in the language and library clauses warn

implementors and programmers of usages which, though valid in themselves, may

conﬂict with future additions.

2 Certain features are obsolescent, which means that they may be considered for

withdrawal in future revisions of this International Standard. They are retained because

of their widespread use, but their use in new implementations (for implementation

features) or new programs (for language [6.11] or library features [7.31]) is discouraged.

3 This International Standard is divided into four major subdivisions:

— preliminary elements (clauses 1−4);

— the characteristics of environments that translate and execute C programs (clause 5);

— the language syntax, constraints, and semantics (clause 6);

— the library facilities (clause 7).

4 Examples are provided to illustrate possible forms of the constructions described.

Footnotes are provided to emphasize consequences of the rules described in that

subclause or elsewhere in this International Standard. References are used to refer to

other related subclauses. Recommendations are provided to give advice or guidance to

implementors. Annexes provide additional information and summarize the information

contained in this International Standard. A bibliography lists documents that were

referred to during the preparation of the standard.

5 The language clause (clause 6) is derived from ‘‘The C Reference Manual’’.

6 The library clause (clause 7) is based on the 1984 /usr/group Standard.

Introduction xvii

ISO/IEC 9899:201x Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 N1570

xviii Introduction

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9899:201x

Programming languages — C

1. Scope

1 This International Standard speciﬁes the form and establishes the interpretation of

programs written in the C programming language.

It speciﬁes

— the representation of C programs;

— the syntax and constraints of the C language;

— the semantic rules for interpreting C programs;

— the representation of input data to be processed by C programs;

— the representation of output data produced by C programs;

— the restrictions and limits imposed by a conforming implementation of C.

2 This International Standard does not specify

— the mechanism by which C programs are transformed for use by a data-processing

system;

— the mechanism by which C programs are invoked for use by a data-processing

system;

— the mechanism by which input data are transformed for use by a C program;

— the mechanism by which output data are transformed after being produced by a C

program;

— the size or complexity of a program and its data that will exceed the capacity of any

speciﬁc data-processing system or the capacity of a particular processor;

— all minimal requirements of a data-processing system that is capable of supporting a

conforming implementation.

1) This International Standard is designed to promote the portability of C programs among a variety of

data-processing systems. It is intended for use by implementors and programmers.

§1 General 1

ISO/IEC 9899:201x Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 N1570

2. Normative references

1 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this

document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

2 ISO 31−11:1992, Quantities and units — Part 11: Mathematical signs and symbols for

use in the physical sciences and technology.

3 ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information

interchange.

4 ISO/IEC 2382−1:1993, Information technology — Vocabulary — Part 1: Fundamental

terms.

5 ISO 4217, Codes for the representation of currencies and funds.

6 ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange —

Representation of dates and times.

7 ISO/IEC 10646 (all parts), Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded

Character Set (UCS).

8 IEC 60559:1989, Binary ﬂoating-point arithmetic for microprocessor systems (previously

designated IEC 559:1989).

2 General §2

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