高清车载摄像头设计指南：AND9338/D AP0102AT开发教程

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本篇文章是关于车载倒车影像系统设计的专业指南，着重于高清摄像头硬件设计，特别是针对AND9338/D:AP0102AT Developer Guide的详细解析。该文档由Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC发布于2016年，适用于使用ON Semiconductor的高性能、超低功耗AND9338数字图像处理器（ISP）的高动态范围（HDR）摄像头系统开发工程师。 AND9338是一款专为汽车应用设计的图像信号处理器，它集成了自动曝光（AE）、自动白平衡（AWB）和先进的局部调色映射（ALTM）功能，旨在提升HDR图像质量和在低光条件下的表现。这些功能通过串行接口进行编程，提供了高度的灵活性和优化性能。本文档涵盖了硬件接口设计、相机控制以及推荐的寄存器编程策略，目标是帮助工程师最大限度地提高图像质量。所有设置的优化都从ON Semiconductor推荐的标准配置开始，这些配置会在设备启动时加载，为后续的调试和定制奠定了基础。文章深入探讨了以下关键知识点： 1. 硬件接口设计：包括数据传输接口、电源接口、模拟与数字信号转换，以及与车辆其他电子系统的集成，确保摄像头与车载系统无缝协作。 2. 相机控制：如何利用AND9338的控制逻辑实现相机参数调整，如快门速度、ISO感光度、聚焦等，以适应不同的环境和应用场景。 3. 寄存器编程：解释了如何通过设置寄存器值来调整ISP的处理参数，如噪声抑制、色彩校准、动态范围管理等，以达到最佳的图像效果。 4. HDR与低光性能优化：介绍了如何通过ALTM技术来动态调整图像的局部对比度，以应对极端光照条件下的拍摄需求。 5. 软件开发：指南还提供了与软件开发相关的部分，包括驱动程序编写、API使用以及与操作系统或上层应用的交互。 6. 推荐配置与调试：为初学者和经验丰富的工程师提供了可信赖的参考，确保系统在出厂时具有良好的默认性能，并能方便地进行后续的微调和优化。本文是一份实用且详尽的高清车载摄像头硬件设计指南，旨在帮助读者充分利用AND9338/D:AP0102AT ISP的优势，以实现高质量的车载倒车影像系统。

AND9338/D Rev. 0 6/16 16 ©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016.

AND9338/D: AP0102AT Developer Guide

Standby and Reset Modes

Hard Standby Mode

The AP0102AT can enter hard standby mode by using external STANDBY signal. In hard

standby mode, the total power consumption is reduced. A further power reduction can

be achieved by turning off the input clock, but this must be restored before de-asserting

the STANDBY pin to LOW state to restart the device.

Entering Standby Mode

1. Assert STANDBY pin HIGH.

Exiting Standby Mode

1. De-assert STANDBY pin LOW.

Figure 6: Hard Standby Operation

Soft Standby

The system can enter a soft standby mode by issuing a host command.

In soft standby mode, the total power consumption is reduced. In this mode, the

AP0102AT is powered down except the two-wire serial interface and parts of the system

that control the clocks and interrupts. A further power reduction can be achieved by

turning off the input clock, but this must be restored before issuing the host commands

to restart the device.

Entering Soft Standby Mode

The system can enter a soft standby mode by issuing a host command interface (HCI)

command, SET STATE.

1. SYSMGR_SET_STATE (STATE= SYS_STATE_ENTER_SOFT_STANDBY (0x51))

Table 6: Hard Standby Signal Timing

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

1 Standby entry complete – – 2 Frames

2 Active EXTCLK required after going into STANDBY

mode

10 – – EXTCLKs

3 Active EXTCLK required before STANDBY

de-asserted

10 – – EXTCLKs

EXTCLK

STANDBY

Asserted

STANDBY

Mode

EXTCLK Disabled

EXTCLK Enabled

Mode

AND9338/D Rev. 0 6/16 19 ©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016.

AND9338/D: AP0102AT Developer Guide

System Configuration and Usage Modes

Configuration Modes

At power-up or reset, the AP0102AT will enter a system configuration sequence to deter-

mine the correct operating mode. First, the AP0102AT enters the Flash Detection mode,

which attempts to detect the presence of an SPI Flash or EEPROM device:

• If no SPI device is detected, the firmware then samples the SPI_SDI pin state to deter-

mine the next mode:

– If SPI_SDI pin is low, then it enters the Host-Config mode.

– If SPI_SDI pin is high, then it enters the Auto-Config mode.

• If an SPI device is detected, the device switches to the Flash-Config mode:

– In the Flash-Config mode, the firmware interrogates the device to determine if it

contains valid configuration records:

If no records are detected, then the firmware enters the Host-Config mode.

If records are detected, the firmware processes them. By default, when all Flash

records are processed the firmware switches to the Host-Config mode. However,

the records encoded into the Flash can optionally be used to instruct the firm-

ware to proceed to auto-config, or to start streaming (via a Change-Config).

– In the Host-Config mode, the firmware performs no further configuration changes,

and remains idle waiting for configuration and commands from the host. The Sys-

tem Configuration phase is effectively complete and the AP0102AT will take no

actions until the host issues commands.

– Change-Config. The firmware performs a 'Change-Config' operation. This applies

the current configuration settings to the AP0102AT, and commences streaming.

This completes the System Configuration phase.

Auto Configuration Mode

In the simplest case, the AP0102AT may operate in the Auto-Configuration mode with no

customized settings. If flash config is skipped during system configuration, SPI_SDI will

be sampled and if this pin is pulled high, the part will be configured for “Auto-Config”.

In the Auto-Config mode, the part will start streaming with the default settings stored in

the AP0102AT internal memory.

Note: Because critical patches must be loaded, the Auto-Config mode is not recommended.

Flash Configuration Mode

In this mode, the AP0102AT can be configured by a serial EEPROM or Flash through the

SPI Interface. Flash image sizes vary depending on the data for registers and firmware.

To configure from SPI the EXTCLK must be in the range of 24-30MHz.

This mode can be standalone (Flash boot only) or with a microprocessor in the system to

communicate using the two-wire interface when to change things like overlays on the

AP0102AT. When a microprocessor is in the system the host needs to know when the

NVM has completed its download to the AP0102AT.

1. Poll Doorbell bit until its clear (0x0040[15])

2. Issue SYSMGR_GET_STATE repeatedly until it does not return EBUSY

When the SYSMGR_GET_STATE does not return EBUSY it indicates that the NVM down-

load has completed.

如果没有检测到记录，固件进入Host-Config模式

如果检测到记录，则固件会处理它们。默认情况

下，当处理完所有Flash记录后，固件切换到

Host-Config模式。但是，编码到Flash中的记

录可以选择用于指示固件进行auto-config或开始

流式传输（通过Change-Config）。

在Host-Config模式下，固件不会执行进一步的

配置更改，并保持空闲等待来自主机的配置和命

令。系统配置阶段有效完成，直到主机发布命令，

AP0102AT才会采取动作。

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