书书书
振 动 与 冲 击
第 33卷第 22期 JOURNALOFVIBRATIONANDSHOCK Vol.33No.222014
基金项目:国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金(U1234211);中国神华能源股份有限公司科技创新项目(SHGF-11-32);
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2012JBZ011);北京市科技新星计划项目(XX2013012)
收稿日期:2014-03-17 修改稿收到日期:2014-06-24
第一作者 高亮 男,博士,教授,博士生导师,1968年 2月生 邮箱:lgao@bjtu.edu.cn
基于多车精细建模的曲线地段重载列车 -轨道系统动力性能研究
高 亮,王 璞,蔡小培,叶 军
(北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院,北京 100044)
摘 要:
建立考虑多车效应的重载列车 -轨道系统精细化动力分析模型,对车辆、钩缓装置中各种细部构件及部
件间接触摩擦等作用机制进行精细模拟,基于 Hertz理论及 FASTSIM算法进行轮轨接触计算。利用自主研发设备通过现
场参数试验进行轨道建模。深入研究重载铁路曲线地段列车 -轨道系统动力性能及曲线参数影响规律。结果表明,缓和
曲线地段轮轨相互作用规律复杂,列车不同位置车轮受力呈现迥异变化趋势及幅度,前后缓和曲线轮轨相互作用亦完全
不同,主要由超高顺坡及车辆构造所致;缓和曲线长度过短可导致超高顺坡过大不利列车运行,缓和曲线长度对动力性能
影响曲线往往存在拐点,建议以拐点值限定最小缓和曲线长度;增长缓和曲线可有效减弱轮轨相互作用,并主要通过减缓
列车首车及导向轮对磨耗降低整体磨耗;随缓和曲线长度不断增加,对动力性能改善效果越不明显。我国重载铁路小半
径曲线超高设置通常偏大,建议适当降低超高值、设置 10%
!
20%欠超高,利于改善轮轨受力、减缓磨耗。增大曲线半径
利于减弱轮轨相互作用及磨耗,但半径越大改善作用越小。
关键词:重载铁路;曲线;列车 -轨道耦合动力学;多车效应
中图分类号:U213.2 文献标志码:A DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2014.22.001
Dynamiccharacteristicsoftraintracksystem incurvedtrack
sectionsbasedonelaboratemultivehiclemodel
GAOLiang,WANGPu,CAIXiaopei,YEJun
(SchoolofCivilEngineering,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing100044,China)
Abstract: Anelaborateheavyhaultraintrackcouplingdynamicmodelwasestablished,takingintoaccountthe
effectofmultiplevehicles.Variouscomponentsandinteractionsbetweencomponents(e.g.contactfriction)ofvehicles
andcouplerbufferdevicesweremodeleddetailedly.ThewheelrailcontactinteractionswerecalculatedbasedonHertzs
theoryandKalkersFASTSIM algorithm.Thetrackmodelwasestablishedwiththehelpoffieldparameterexperiments
conductedbyusingselfdevelopeddevices.Dynamiccharacteristicsoftraintracksystem incurvedtracksectionsand
influencesofcurveparametersondynamiccharacteristicswereinvestigated.Thefollowingconclusionsaredrawn:The
wheelrailinteractionsarecomplicatedintransitioncurvesections.Forcesactedondifferentwheelspresentdifferent
variationtrendsandintensities,andwheelrailinteractionsarealsodefinitelydifferentinfrontandreartransitioncurve
sections.Thisismainlycausedbythesuperelevationslopeandthevehiclestructure.Itisratheradverseforthetrain
operationifthelengthoftransitioncurveistooshort.Thereusuallyexistsaninflexionontheinfluencingcurvesof
transitioncurvelengthversusdynamiccharacteristics.Itissuggestedthesmallestlengthoftransitioncurvebedetermined
accordingtotheinflexionvalue.Lengtheningthetransitioncurvecaneffectivelydecreasethewheelrailinteractionsand
decreasethetotalwearmainlyduetoreducingthewearoftheleadingvehicleandguidewheelsets.However,asthe
lengthoftransitioncurveincreases,theimprovementsofdynamiccharacteristicsbecomelessobvious.Thesuperelevation
oftheouterrailinsmallradiuscurvesisgenerallylargeinheavyhaulrailwayofChina.Itissuggestedtoreducethe
superelevationproperlyandsetaninadequatesuperelevationof10%20%,whichisconductivetodecreasethewheelrail
interactionsandwear.Increasingtheradiusofcurveisadvantageousforimprovingthewheelrailinteractions.Whilethe
improvementbecomessmallerwiththefurtherincreaseofcurveradius.
Keywords:heavyhaulrailway;curve;traintrackcouplingdynamics;multivehicleeffect