嵌入式Linux实战指南（第2版）：实践与现实应用

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"《嵌入式Linux入门指南：实践与现实世界的方法（第二版）》是一本实用的专业技术参考书籍，由Christopher Hallinan所著，隶属于Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference系列。本书针对的是嵌入式Linux领域的初学者和专业人士，旨在提供一个实际且符合真实工作环境的学习路径。第二版在保留第一版的基础上，对内容进行了更新和完善，以适应不断发展的技术趋势。它涵盖了嵌入式系统设计的基本概念、Linux内核的安装和配置、硬件驱动程序的开发、实时操作系统特性的理解、以及如何将Linux部署在嵌入式设备上。读者不仅能学习到理论知识，还能通过实例了解如何解决实际问题，提升在嵌入式Linux项目中的技能。书中强调了实践的重要性，鼓励读者动手操作，通过编写代码和进行系统调试来深化理解。此外，对于版权方面，作者和出版社明确声明，部分制造商和销售商使用的商标已声明为注册商标，本书中提及这些标志时，会用大写字母或首字母大写表示尊重。在法律条款方面，尽管作者和出版社已经尽力确保信息准确，但不提供任何形式的明示或默示保修，并对由此产生的任何间接或附带损害不承担责任。本书适用于批量购买或特殊销售，包括电子版本和定制封面的选择，出版社为此提供了优惠。《嵌入式Linux Primer》是那些希望在嵌入式领域深入探索并寻求实战经验的读者的理想选择，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中找到有价值的知识和指导。无论是学习嵌入式系统开发、设备驱动编程，还是进行硬件与软件集成，这本书都提供了实用的工具和策略。"

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xvi Embedded Linux Primer, Second Edition

10.2 MTD Partitions . .............................................................................................. 267

10.2.1 Redboot Partition Table Partitioning .......................................................... 269

10.2.2 Kernel Command-Line Partitioning .......................................................... 273

10.2.3 Mapping Driver ......................................................................................... 274

10.2.4 Flash Chip Drivers ..................................................................................... 276

10.2.5 Board-Specific Initialization ....................................................................... 276

10.3 MTD Utilities . ................................................................................................. 279

10.3.1 JFFS2 Root File System ............................................................................. 281

10.4 UBI File System . .............................................................................................. 284

10.4.1 Configuring for UBIFS .............................................................................. 284

10.4.2 Building a UBIFS Image ............................................................................ 284

10.4.3 Using UBIFS as the Root File System ........................................................ 287

10.5 Summary . ......................................................................................................... 287

10.5.1 Suggestions for Additional Reading ............................................................ 288

Chapter 11 BusyBox ............................................................................................289

11.1 Introduction to BusyBox . ................................................................................. 290

11.1.1 BusyBox Is Easy ......................................................................................... 291

11.2 BusyBox Configuration . ................................................................................... 291

11.2.1 Cross-Compiling BusyBox ......................................................................... 293

11.3 BusyBox Operation . ......................................................................................... 293

11.3.1 BusyBox

init . ......................................................................................... 297

11.3.2 Sample rcS Initialization Script ................................................................ 299

11.3.3 BusyBox Target Installation . ...................................................................... 300

11.3.4 BusyBox Applets . ...................................................................................... 302

11.4 Summary . ......................................................................................................... 303

11.4.1 Suggestions for Additional Reading . .......................................................... 304

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Contents xvii

Chapter 12 Embedded Development Environment .............................................305

12.1 Cross-Development Environment . ................................................................... 306

12.1.1 “Hello World” Embedded . ........................................................................ 307

12.2 Host System Requirements . .............................................................................. 311

12.2.1 Hardware Debug Probe . ........................................................................... 311

12.3 Hosting Target Boards . ..................................................................................... 312

12.3.1 TFTP Server . ............................................................................................ 312

12.3.2 BOOTP/DHCP Server. ............................................................................ 313

12.3.3 NFS Server . .............................................................................................. 316

12.3.4 Target NFS Root Mount . .......................................................................... 318

12.3.5 U-Boot NFS Root Mount Example . ......................................................... 320

12.4 Summary . ......................................................................................................... 322

12.4.1 Suggestions for Additional Reading . .......................................................... 323

Chapter 13 Development Tools ...........................................................................325

13.1 GNU Debugger (GDB) . .................................................................................. 326

13.1.1 Debugging a Core Dump .......................................................................... 327

13.1.2 Invoking GDB ........................................................................................... 329

13.1.3 Debug Session in GDB .............................................................................. 331

13.2 Data Display Debugger ..................................................................................... 333

13.3

cbrowser/cscope .......................................................................................... 335

13.4 Tracing and Profiling Tools . .............................................................................. 337

13.4.1 strace ..................................................................................................... 337

13.4.2 strace Variations ..................................................................................... 341

13.4.3 ltrace ..................................................................................................... 343

13.4.4 ps .............................................................................................................. 344

13.4.5 top ............................................................................................................ 346

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xviii Embedded Linux Primer, Second Edition

13.4.6 mtrace . ................................................................................................... 348

13.4.7 dmalloc . ................................................................................................. 350

13.4.8 Kernel Oops . ............................................................................................ 353

13.5 Binary Utilities . ................................................................................................ 355

13.5.1 readelf . ................................................................................................. 355

13.5.2 Examining Debug Information Using readelf . ...................................... 357

13.5.3 objdump . ................................................................................................. 359

13.5.4 objcopy . ................................................................................................. 360

13.6 Miscellaneous Binary Utilities . ......................................................................... 361

13.6.1 strip ....................................................................................................... 361

13.6.2 addr2line . ............................................................................................. 361

13.6.3 strings . ................................................................................................. 362

13.6.4 ldd . .......................................................................................................... 362

13.6.5 nm . ............................................................................................................ 363

13.6.6 prelink . ................................................................................................. 364

13.7 Summary . ......................................................................................................... 364

13.7.1 Suggestions for Additional Reading . .......................................................... 365

Chapter 14 Kernel Debugging Techniques ..........................................................367

14.1 Challenges to Kernel Debugging ....................................................................... 368

14.2 Using KGDB for Kernel Debugging . ............................................................... 369

14.2.1 KGDB Kernel Configuration . ................................................................... 371

14.2.2 Target Boot with KGDB Support . ............................................................. 372

14.2.3 Useful Kernel Breakpoints .......................................................................... 376

14.2.4 Sharing a Console Serial Port with KGDB ................................................. 377

14.2.5 Debugging Very Early Kernel Code ........................................................... 379

14.2.6 KGDB Support in the Mainline Kernel ..................................................... 380

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Contents xix

14.3 Kernel Debugging Techniques . ......................................................................... 381

14.3.1 gdb Remote Serial Protocol ........................................................................ 382

14.3.2 Debugging Optimized Kernel Code ........................................................... 385

14.3.3 GDB User-Defined Commands ................................................................. 392

14.3.4 Useful Kernel GDB Macros ....................................................................... 393

14.3.5 Debugging Loadable Modules. .................................................................. 402

14.3.6 printk Debugging ................................................................................... 407

14.3.7 Magic SysReq Key ..................................................................................... 409

14.4 Hardware-Assisted Debugging . ......................................................................... 410

14.4.1 Programming Flash Using a JTAG Probe ................................................... 411

14.4.2 Debugging with a JTAG Probe .................................................................. 413

14.5 When It Doesn’t Boot . ..................................................................................... 417

14.5.1 Early Serial Debug Output ........................................................................ 417

14.5.2 Dumping the printk Log Buffer ............................................................. 417

14.5.3 KGDB on Panic . ....................................................................................... 420

14.6 Summary . ......................................................................................................... 421

14.6.1 Suggestions for Additional Reading ............................................................ 422

Chapter 15 Debugging Embedded Linux Applications .......................................423

15.1 Target Debugging .............................................................................................. 424

15.2 Remote (Cross) Debugging . ............................................................................. 424

15.2.1 gdbserver ........................................................................................... 427

15.3 Debugging with Shared Libraries . .................................................................... 429

15.3.1 Shared Library Events in GDB ................................................................... 431

15.4 Debugging Multiple Tasks . ............................................................................... 435

15.4.1 Debugging Multiple Processes .................................................................... 435

15.4.2 Debugging Multithreaded Applications ..................................................... 438

15.4.3 Debugging Bootloader/Flash Code ............................................................ 441

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xx Embedded Linux Primer, Second Edition

15.5 Additional Remote Debug Options . ................................................................. 442

15.5.1 Debugging Using a Serial Port . ................................................................. 442

15.5.2 Attaching to a Running Process . ............................................................... 442

15.6 Summary . ......................................................................................................... 443

15.6.1 Suggestions for Additional Reading . .......................................................... 444

Chapter 16 Open Source Build Systems ..............................................................445

16.1 Why Use a Build System? .................................................................................. 446

16.2 Scratchbox. ....................................................................................................... 447

16.2.1 Installing Scratchbox . ................................................................................ 447

16.2.2 Creating a Cross-Compilation Target . ....................................................... 448

16.3 Buildroot . ......................................................................................................... 451

16.3.1 Buildroot Installation . ............................................................................... 451

16.3.2 Buildroot Configuration ............................................................................ 451

16.3.3 Buildroot Build .......................................................................................... 452

16.4 OpenEmbedded . .............................................................................................. 454

16.4.1 OpenEmbedded Composition ................................................................... 455

16.4.2 BitBake Metadata ....................................................................................... 456

16.4.3 Recipe Basics .............................................................................................. 456

16.4.4 Metadata Tasks ........................................................................................... 460

16.4.5 Metadata Classes ........................................................................................ 461

16.4.6 Configuring OpenEmbedded .................................................................... 462

16.4.7 Building Images ......................................................................................... 463

16.5 Summary . ......................................................................................................... 464

16.5.1 Suggestions for Additional Reading . .......................................................... 464

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