精通JavaFX：深度探索用户界面开发

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"pro javafx — 一本深入学习JavaFX的电子文档，涵盖了从基础到高级的各种主题，旨在帮助读者快速掌握JavaFX的使用和开发。" JavaFX是一种强大的富客户端应用程序开发平台，它允许开发者创建丰富的图形用户界面（GUI）应用，支持桌面、移动和Web环境。这本书"Pro JavaFX"提供了全面的教程和实践指导，适合初学者和有经验的开发者。以下是一些关键章节的概览： 1. **第1章：Getting a Jump Start in JavaFX** - 这一章介绍了JavaFX的基础知识，包括环境设置、开发工具的安装和配置，以及编写第一个JavaFX程序的基本步骤。它旨在帮助读者快速入门，理解JavaFX的工作原理。 2. **第2章：Creating a User Interface in JavaFX** - 这部分详细讲解了如何使用JavaFX构建用户界面，包括布局管理器、控件的使用、事件处理等。读者将学习到如何设计美观且响应式的UI。 3. **第3章：Properties and Bindings** - 属性和绑定是JavaFX中的核心特性，它们使得数据驱动的UI设计变得简单。这一章会深入讨论这两个概念以及它们在动态更新界面中的应用。 4. **第4章：Building Dynamic UI Layouts in JavaFX** - 在这一章，读者将学习如何创建动态布局，包括如何根据应用需求自定义布局和控件，以及如何响应用户交互和数据变化进行动态更新。 5. **第5章：Using the JavaFX UI Controls** - 介绍JavaFX内置的各种UI控件，如按钮、文本框、列表视图等，以及如何自定义和扩展这些控件以满足特定需求。 6. **第6章：Collections and Concurrency** - 讨论了如何在JavaFX中有效地使用集合类，以及并发编程的概念，这对于处理多线程应用至关重要。 7. **第7章：Creating Charts in JavaFX** - 深入探讨JavaFX的图表组件，如何创建和定制各种图表（如折线图、柱状图、饼图等），用于数据可视化。 8. **第8章：Using the Media Classes** - 介绍如何在JavaFX中集成多媒体元素，如音频和视频，创建媒体播放器应用。 9. **第9章：Accessing Web Services** - 解释如何使用JavaFX访问Web服务，集成RESTful API或SOAP服务，以实现数据交换和远程功能。 10. **第10章：JavaFX Languages and Markup** - 探索JavaFX剧本语言（FXML）和其他标记语言，它们简化了界面设计和代码分离。 11. **附录：The Visage Language in Depth** - 提供了对Visage语言的深入探讨，这是一种用于创建JavaFX UI的视觉化语言。此外，书中的索引和目录使读者能快速定位到感兴趣的主题。通过这本书，读者可以系统地学习JavaFX，从基础到高级，掌握创建现代化、交互式应用所需的技能。无论你是希望提升个人技能的开发者，还是准备进入富客户端应用开发领域的新人，这本书都是一份宝贵的参考资料。

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

javafx.scene.image package and the Group class in the javafx.scene package. In both cases, they inherit

from the Node class.

■ Tip We can’t emphasize enough the importance of having the JavaFX API documentation handy while

reading this book. As classes, variables, and functions are mentioned, it’s often a good idea to look at the

documentation to get more information. In addition, this habit helps you become more familiar with what is

available to you in the API.

Displaying Images

As shown in the following code, displaying an image entails using an ImageView instance in conjunction

with an Image instance.

ImageViewBuilder.create()

.image(new Image("http://projavafx.com/images/earthrise.jpg"))

.build(),

The Image instance identifies the image resource and loads it from the URL assigned to its URL

variable. Both of these classes are located in the javafx.scene.image package.

Working with Graphical Nodes as a Group

One powerful graphical feature of JavaFX is the ability to create scene graphs, which consist of a tree of

graphical nodes. You can then assign values to properties of a Group located in the hierarchy, and the

nodes contained in the Group will be affected. In our current example from Listing 1-1, we’re using a

Group to contain a Text node and to clip a specific rectangular region within the Group so that the text

doesn’t appear on the moon or the Earth as it animates upward. Here’s the relevant code snippet:

GroupBuilder.create()

.layoutX(50)

.layoutY(180)

.children(

textRef

)

.clip(

RectangleBuilder.create()

.width(430)

.height(85)

.build()

)

.build()

Notice that the Group is located 50 pixels to the right and 180 pixels down, from where it would have

been located by default. This is due to the values assigned to the layoutX and layoutY variables of the

Group instance. Because this Group is contained directly by the Scene, its upper-left corner’s location is

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

The layoutX and layoutY properties of the Group just described are examples of our earlier

statement that nodes contained in a Group will be affected by values assigned to properties of the

Group. Another example is setting the opacity property of a Group instance to 0.5, which causes all of

the nodes contained in that Group to become translucent. If the JavaFX API documentation is handy,

look at the properties available in the javafx.scene.Group class. Then look at the properties available in

the javafx.scene.Node class properties, which is where you’ll find the layoutX, layoutY, and opacity

variables that are inherited by the Group class.

Drawing Text

In the previous snippet, notice that several variables are available in the Text class. This particular

example is a little more complicated than the normal use of the Text class. Let’s first look at a typical

case, shown in the following snippet, in which you simply want to draw a string of text characters

somewhere in the scene.

TextBuilder.create()

.layoutX(65)

.layoutY(12)

.textOrigin(VPos.TOP)

.fill(Color.WHITE)

.text("Audio Configuration")

.font(Font.font("SansSerif", FontWeight.BOLD, 20))

.build(),

This snippet, borrowed from the Audio Configuration example in Figure 1-7 and Listing 1-3 later in

this chapter, draws the graphical Text string “Audio Configuration” in a bold Sans Serif font. The font

size is 20, and the color of the text is white.

Referring again to the JavaFX API documentation, notice that the VPos enum (in the javafx.geometry

package) has fields that serve as constants, for example, BASELINE, BOTTOM, and TOP. These control

the origin of the text with respect to vertical locations on the displayed Text:

• The TOP origin, as we’re using it in the previous code snippet, places the top of the

text (including ascenders) at the layoutY position, relative to the co-ordinate space

in which the Text is located.

• The BOTTOM origin would place the bottom of the text, including descenders

(located in a lowercase “g”, for example) at the layoutY position.

• The BASELINE origin would place the baseline of the text (excluding descenders)

at the layoutY position. This is the default value for the textOrigin property of a

Text instance.

While you’re looking at the javafx.scene.text package in the API documentation, take a look at the

font function of the Font class, which is used in the previous snippet to define the font family, weight,

and size of the Text.

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

Turning back again to the Hello Earthrise example in Listing 1-1, we’re using some additional

properties of the Text class that enable it to flow from one line to the next:

• The wrappingWidth property enables you to specify at what number of pixels the

text will wrap.

• The textAlignment property enables you to control how the text will be justified. In

our example, TextAlignment.JUSTIFY aligns the text on both the left and right

sides, expanding the space between words to achieve that.

The text that we’re displaying is sufficiently long to wrap and be drawn on the Earth, so we need to

define a rectangular region outside of which that text can’t be seen.

Clipping Graphical Areas

To define a clipping area, we assign a Node subclass to the clip property that defines the clipping shape,

in this case a Rectangle that is 430 pixels wide and 85 pixels high. In addition to keeping the Text from

covering the moon, when the Text scrolls up as a result of animation the clipping area keeps the Text

from covering the earth.

Animating the Text to Make It Scroll Up

When the HelloEarthriseMain program is invoked, the Text begins scrolling up slowly. To achieve this

animation, we’re using the TranslateTransition class located in the javafx.animation package, as shown

in the following snippet from Listing 1-1.

TranslateTransition transTransition = TranslateTransitionBuilder.create()

.duration(new Duration(75000))

.node(textRef)

.toY(-820)

.interpolator(Interpolator.LINEAR)

.cycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE)

.build();

...code omitted...

// Start the text animation

transTransition.play();

The javafx.animation package contains convenience classes for animating nodes. This

TranslateTransition instance (created by the TranslateTransitionBuilder class) translates the Text node

referenced by the textRef variable from its original Y position of 100 pixels to a Y position of –820 pixels,

over a duration of 75 seconds. The Interpolator.LINEAR constant is assigned to the interpolator

property, which causes the animation to proceed in a linear fashion. A look at the API docs for the

Interpolator class in the javafx.animation package reveals that there are other forms of interpolation

available, one of which is EASE_OUT, which slows down the animation toward the end of the specified

duration.

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