二维有限元法分析线启动电机的不可逆磁削弱特性

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本文主要探讨了基于有限元方法（Finite-Element Method, FEM）对线启动电机中铁氧体类型永磁体的不可逆退磁特性分析。作者Gyu-Hong Kang、Jin Hur、Hyuk Nam、Jung-Pyo Hong和Gyu-Tak Kim作为IEEE会员，针对线启动电机中的永磁体在启动阶段面临的挑战，特别关注其磁性核心的非线性行为以及在B-H曲线上的表现。在传统的线启动电机中，为了驱动负载，需要用到永磁体产生的强大初始磁场。然而，当电机开始转动时，由于电磁感应和机械动力学的作用，永磁体会经历一个短暂的、反转的电流脉冲过程，这可能导致磁化状态发生不可逆的改变，即退磁。这篇论文通过2D有限元法（2-DFEM）对这一现象进行了深入研究。在分析过程中，论文首先通过瞬态分析结合电压方程来计算出退磁电流，这些电流在启动阶段对磁体性能的影响至关重要。接着，利用2-DFEM技术对这些峰值电流进行模拟，以预测永磁体在不可逆退磁过程中的行为。作者不仅考虑了磁性核心的非线性动态响应，还考虑了永久磁体在B-H曲线上实际退磁过程中磁感应强度(B)与磁场强度(H)的关系。关键词：不可逆退磁分析、线启动电机、非线性特性、瞬态分析。这项研究对于优化线启动电机的设计，提高其效率并确保长期可靠运行具有重要意义，因为它能帮助工程师预测和控制永磁体在高应力条件下的性能损失，从而避免潜在的故障风险。通过这种数学建模和数值模拟的方法，可以为电机制造商提供重要的设计依据，推动永磁同步电机技术的发展。

1488 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 39, NO. 3, MAY 2003

Analysis of Irreversible Magnet Demagnetization

in Line-Start Motors Based on the

Finite-Element Method

Gyu-Hong Kang, Member, IEEE, Jin Hur, Member, IEEE, Hyuk Nam, Member, IEEE, Jung-Pyo Hong, Member, IEEE,

and Gyu-Tak Kim, Member, IEEE

Abstract—This paper deals with the analysis for the irreversible

demagnetization characteristics of a ferrite-type permanent

magnet in the line-start motor using the two-dimensional fi-

nite-element method (2-D FEM). The demagnetizing currents are

calculated from the transient analysis in the combination voltage

equation with mechanical dynamic equation, and peak currents

are applied to the irreversible demagnetization analysis computed

by 2-D FEM. The nonlinear characteristic of the magnetic core

is considered as well as that of a permanent magnet on the B-H

curve in the analysis of irreversible demagnetization.

Index Terms—Irreversible demagnetization analysis, line-start

motor, nonlinear characteristics, transient analysis.

I. INTRODUCTION

ERMANENT magnet synchronous motors are required for

additional driving systems for starting and operating. On

the other hand, the single-phase line-start permanent magnet

synchronous motor (LSPM) dose not needadriving system such

as an inverter, because of the asynchronous starting torque by

means of conductor bars in the rotor. The motor has an advan-

tage such as high efficiency and low cost. Therefore, this motor

is widely used in household appliances [1], [2].

The starting torque is generated by the electromagnetic (EM)

induction phenomenon at the rotor conductor bars, and the

instantaneous currents at a starting or locked rotor can cause

severe demagnetizing in the permanent magnet. In particular,

since a ferrite-type magnet has an irreversible demagnetization

point, i.e., knee point on the demagnetization curve, the demag-

netizing field can cause deterioration of motor performance

as well as irreversible demagnetization [3], [4]. Therefore, the

demagnetization of the permanent magnet should be considered

in the design of the rotor shape of the single-phase LSPM.

This paper presents the analysis method of the transient and

demagnetization phenomena of a single-phase LSPM taken fer-

rite-type permanent magnet. The external demagnetizing field,

which is calculated from the transient analysis by the combina-

Manuscript received June 18, 2002. This work was supported by the Korea

Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Machine Tool Re-

search Center at Changwon National University.

G.-H. Kang, H. Nam, J.-P. Hong, and G.-T. Kim are with

the Department of Electrical Engineering, Changwon National

University, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 641-773, Korea (e-mail :

ghkang@hipem.com; haeggee@korea.com; jphong@sarim.changwon.ac.kr;

gtkim@sarim.changwon.ac.kr).

J. Hur is with Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Kyunggi-Do, 420-140,

Korea (e-mail : jinhur@keti.re.kr).

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TMAG.2003.810330

Fig. 1. Structure of the single-phase LSPM.

Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit of the single-phase LSPM.

tion of the voltage equation and the mechanical dynamic equa-

tion, is applied to the irreversible demagnetization analysis in

two-dimensional finite-element method (2-D FEM). For irre-

versible demagnetization analysis, the nonlinear characteristic

of the magnetic core is considered as well as that of a perma-

nent magnet on each B-H curve. Finally, the design of the rotor

shape to avoid irreversible demagnetization is accomplished by

the investigation of the motor characteristics according to the

regional demagnetization of the permanent magnet.

II. A

NALYSIS METHOD

A. Analysis Model of the Single-Phase LSPM

Fig. 1 shows the analysis model, which consists of main and

auxiliary windings in the stator. In the rotor, there are several

segment-type permanent magnets and conductor bars to pro-

duce the starting torque. The single-phase LSPM in this paper

uses a ferrite magnet. The equivalent circuit of a single-phase

LSPM is shown in Fig. 2. The starting capacitance

, run-

ning capacitance

, and positive temperature coefficient (PTC)

are connected to the auxiliary winding to increase the starting

torque and power factor.

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